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Asia Pacific Symposium on Mangrove Ecosystems : proceedings of the international conference held at Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, September 1-3, 1993

Tam, Nora F.Y. (ed.)

Wong, Yuk-Shan (ed.)

Mangrove ecosystems are typical formations found in coastal deposits of mud and silt throughout the tropics and some distance into the subtropical latitudes. The total worldwide mangrove area, which is estimated at about 170,000 km2 with some sixty species of trees and shrubs exclusive to the habitat, dominates approximately 75% of the world's coastline between latitudes 25 0 N and 25 0 S. Intertidal ecosystems such as this support genetically diverse communities of terrestrial and aquatic organisms that are of direct or indirect socioeconomic value. It is generally accepted that mangrove forests play important roles such as coastal stabilization and protection against winds and storms; producers of nutrients, forest resources and animal species of economic importance. Recently, the issues on the conservation, proper utilization and management of mangrove forests have been widely discussed in the scientific arena. Unfortunately, over-exploitation and destruction of mangroves have become a worldwide phenomenon which seriously threatens the sustain ability of these ecosystems. The deliberations of this symposium are therefore timely. Its purpose is to promote scientific exchange and regional collaborations in various aspects of research work on studies of mangroves. This special volume includes a large number of the papers presented during the symposium on three main areas, namely recent advances in mangrove ecology; application and utilization of mangrove resources, and conservation and management of the ecosystems. In addition to exchanging information on the principles and techniques, the participants had also come up with a conference recommendation which urged countries of the participants to pay attention to the protection and management of mangroves in their own countries. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the Guest Editorial Board for their hard work in reviewing all the manuscripts and all the authors for their contribution to this special issue. Finally, we would like to thank the sponsors, namely the Hong Kong Croucher Foundation, the Caltex Green Fund, the Hong Kong Electric Co. Ltd., the International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (Headquarters in Japan) and the World Wide Fund for Nature of Hong Kong, for their generous support of this event.

Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy

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Masami Onoda, Oran R Young

Large-scale environmental problems have become prominent byproducts of the interactions between human activities and the biophysical settings in which they occur. Some of these problems, such as the destruction of tropical forests, arise in areas within the jurisdiction of individual states but have consequences (e.g., biodiversity loss, climate change) that are regional to global in scope. Other problems, including the seasonal thinning of the stratospheric ozone layer, occur in areas that lie beyond the jurisdiction of nation states. Still others, like marine dead zones, originate in areas within the jurisdiction of individual states but can spread and have impacts on areas outside these jurisdictional boundaries. In all these cases, efforts to come to terms with the relevant problems require international (often global) responses that call for transboundary cooperation and, more often than not, eventuate in the development of regulatory arrangements designed to limit or even prohibit the human actions that give rise to the problems.

High Mountain Conservation in a Changing World

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Jordi Catalan, Josep M Ninot, M. Mercè Aniz

Protected natural areas deserve the combination of nature uniqueness and conservation willing. The foundation stone for National Parks is the awareness of that unique characteractual or presumed, most times based on non-tangible properties or singularities grown in some social sectors, followed by the aim of preserving particular biota, singular ecosystems or entire landscapes. This was the case for the Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park. Like other protected areas in alpine mountains, its apparent wilderness was a key factor in declaring it National Park, in 1955. The rough relief carved in the Maladeta granodiorite batholith, including rocky crests and summits, steep slopes and glacial valley bottoms, had for long grabbed attention. The abundance of alpine lakes and other water-related systems must have been particularly attractive, in comparison with other Iberian mountains, and even with other Pyrenean areas.

Poverty Reduction Policies and Practices in Developing Asia

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Almas Heshmati, Esfandiar Maasoumi, Guanghua Wan

This edited volume is part of a project funded under the Asian Development Banks Research and Development Technical Assistances (TAs): TA 7907 on Drivers of Poverty Reduction in Asia and the Pacific and TA 8239 on Addressing Knowledge and Statistical Gaps in Relation to Poverty Reduction, Inequality, and Inclusive Growth.

Renewing Local Planning to Face Climate Change in the Tropics

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Maurizio Tiepolo, Alessandro Pezzoli, Vieri Tarchiani

This book presents the most recent results of a research started at the end of 2011 in Africa South of the Sahara and then extended to the whole tropics. The focus of our work is climate planning. With this term, we mean all those plans to limit climate change (mitigation and sustainable action plans), to protect human settlements against its impacts (emergency, risk reduction, adaptation plans, and resilience strategies) and to pursue both the medium-term (municipal development plans) and long-term (comprehensive, general, and master plans) aims.

Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas

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Nadja Kabisch, Horst Korn, Jutta Stadler, Aletta Bonn

This book series Theory and Practice of Urban Sustainability Transitions is intended to explore the different dynamics, challenges, and breakthroughs in accelerating sustainability transitions in urban areas across the globe. We expect to find as much different and diverse stories, visions, experiments, and creative actors as there are cities: from metropolises to country towns, from inner city districts to suburbs, from developed to developing, from monocultural to diverse, and from hierarchical to egalitarian. But we also expect to find patterns in processes and dynamics of transitions across this diversity. Transition dynamics include locked-in regimes that are challenged by changing contexts, ecological stress and societal pressure for change as well as experiments and innovations in niches driven by entrepreneurial networks, and creative communities and proactive administrators. But also included are resistance by vested interests and sunken costs, uncertainties about the future amongst urban populations, political instabilities, and the erosion of social services and systems of provision. And finally there are the forming of transformative arenas, the development of coalitions for change across different actor groups, the diffusion and adoption of new practices, and exponential growth of sustainable technologies. For this series we seek this middle ground: between urban and transition perspectives, between conceptual and empirical, and between structural and practical. We aim to develop this series to offer scholars state-of-the-art theoretical developments applied to the context of cities. Equally important is that we offer urban planners, professionals, and practitioners interested or engaged in strategic interventions to accelerate and guide urban sustainability transition frameworks for understanding and dealing with on-going developments, methods, and instruments. This book series will lead to new insights into how cities address the sustainability challenges they face by not returning to old patterns but by searching for new and innovative methods and instruments that are based on shared principles of a transitions approach. Based on concrete experiences, state-of-the-art research, and ongoing practices, the series provides rich insights, concrete and inspiring cases as well as practical methods, tools, theories, and recommendations. The book series, informed by transition thinking as it was developed in the last decade in Europe, aims to describe, analyse, and support the quest of cities around the globe to accelerate and stimulate such a transition to sustainability. To sum up, the book series aims to: Provide theory, case studies, and contextualized tools for the governance of urban transitions worldwide Provide a necessary and timely reflection on current practices of how transition management is and can be applied in urban contexts worldwide Further the theorizing and conceptual tools relating to an understanding of urban sustainability transitions Provide best practices of cities across countries and different kinds of cities as well as across policy domains in shaping their citys path towards sustainability

The Interconnected Arctic UArctic Congress 2016

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Kirsi Latola, Hannele Savela

The chapters of this book are derived from the UArctic Congress 2016 science sessions, focusing on themes identified in the report of the International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP III) that was published in 2015. Themes address the changes and developments as well as the challenges and opportunities that are taking place in todays global world. The Arctic is changing faster than any other region in the world. Its climate is changing in a speed that cannot be found anywhere else, affecting either directly or indirectly to almost everyone and everything. How can the Arctic societies and cultures, ecosystems, and environments cope with these fast changes? This book is divided into six thematic parts reflecting the congress themes: Vulnerability of the Arctic Environments, Vulnerability of the Arctic Societies, Building the Long-Term Human Capacity, Arctic Safety, and Arctic Tourism. The final part of the book Circumpolar, Inclusive and Reciprocal Arctic looks at the Arctic in the light of the UArctics mission and values; Gunhild Hoogensen Gjørv, professor of political sciences, addresses a number of issues surrounding the implementation of gender perspectives in the Arctic research, and Ulunnguaq Markussen, UArctic Student Ambassador, calls for an Arctic awakening of peoples in the era when Arctic is seen as a place for natural resource extraction and economic benefits.

Enabling Asia to Stabilise the Climate

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Shuzo Nishioka

Weather & Climate Services for the Energy Industry

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Alberto Troccoli

This chapter discusses the information gaps relating to the type, level of accuracy and frequency of delivery of specific weather and climate information, and what extra information is required by the energy sector in the coming years. It is argued that ongoing technical and scientific interaction between weather and climate service providers and the energy sector, supported by input from the information and communication technologies, can help bridge these gaps. This will help the users in the energy sector to both understand and respond appropriately to the available weather and climate information. Focusing on the linkages between weather-, climate- and energy-related information and data, the chapter draws attention to barriers to data sharing, benefits of overcoming the barriers and strategies to enhance data-sharing arrangements between the weather, climate and energy communities.

Chinas Gas Development Strategies

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The book series Advances in Oil and Gas Exploration & Production publishes scientific monographs on a broad range of topics concerning geophysical and geological research on conventional and unconventional oil and gas systems, and approaching those topics from both an exploration and a production standpoint. The series is intended to form a diverse library of reference works by describing the current state of research on selected themes, such as certain techniques used in the petroleum geoscience business or regional aspects. All books in the series are written and edited by leading experts actively engaged in the respective field. The Advances in Oil and Gas Exploration & Production series includes both single and multi-authored books, as well as edited volumes. The Series Editor, Dr. Rudy Swennen (KU Leuven, Belgium), is currently accepting proposals and a proposal form can be obtained from our representative at Springer, Dr. Alexis Vizcaino ([email protected]).

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