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Island and Ocean Ecosystems

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Freedivers harvest thousands of sea turtles a year in the Solomon Islands

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

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Hamilton, Richard

1. Sea turtles are harvested in many small-scale fisheries (SSFs), but few nations have quantified the impacts that SSFs are having on their sea turtle stocks. This study provides the first assessment on the catch composition, national harvest rates,and long-term trends in sea turtle catches in the Solomon Islands SSFs. 2. Between October 2016 and May 2018, 10 community monitors located in eight of the nine provinces of the Solomon Islands were trained and employed to work alongside fishers in their respective communities to document, photograph, and geo-reference the reefs where sea turtles were harvested. Local ecological knowledge (LEK) surveys were then conducted with 32 experienced fishers to infer whether the harvest rates of sea turtles had changed in recent decades. 3. Community monitors recorded information on 1,132 sea turtles that were harvested on 529 fishing trips:1,119 sea turtles were identified to species level, with harvests consisting of 73.3% (n=818) green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas), 25.7% hawksbill sea turtles (n=291) (Eretmochelys imbricata), and 0.9% (n=10) olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea). 4. The great majority (92.6%) of sea turtles were captured by night-time and daytime freedivers who use masks, snorkels, fins, hooks, spears, and underwater flashlights to target a wide range of fauna that inhabit coral reefs.

Non-random mating within an Island Rookery of Hawaiian Hawksbill Turtles: demographic discontinuity at a small Coastline scale

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

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Dutton, Peter H

Frey, Amy

Gaos, Alexander R.

Horne, John B.

Martin, Summer

Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from the Hawaiian archipelago form a small and genetically isolated population, consisting of only a few tens of individuals breeding annually. Most females nest on the island of Hawai’i, but little is known about the demographics of this rookery. This study used genetic relatedness, inferred from 135 microhaplotype markers, to determine breeding sex-ratios, estimate female nesting frequency and assess relationships between individuals nesting on different beaches.

Destination Revealed: Post-Nesting Migrations of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Moso Island, Republic of Vanuatu.

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

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Balazs, George H.

Hickey, Francis R.

Jim, Laura M. R

Rice, Marc R.

Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting populations and behaviors in the Republic of Vanuatu are poorly understood. In an effort to evaluate their internesting home range, post-nesting migration and foraging habitat home ranges, 7 post-nesting hawksbill turtles were satellite tagged at Moso Island, Republic of Vanuatu between January 2018 and January 2020. The mean internesting home ranges of two turtles was 0.8 km2 proximal to their nesting beach indicating possible value in establishing a marine protected area along the north coast of Moso Island during the nesting season. The Great Barrier Reef, Australia and New Caledonia were the two major post-nesting destinations. Hawksbill turtles are legally protected by law in both countries. Foraging home ranges for 4 hawksbill turtles in New Caledonia and Aneityum Island, Vanuatu ranged from 1.7 to 28.9 km2. It will be important to continue this study to better determine the total area of habitat utilization of the internesting hawksbills at Moso Island in order to facilitate the implementation of community-based conservation measures and to illuminate home range location and size.

Rapid Biodiversity Assessment (BIORAP) Vava'u Group - Kingdom of Tonga (February 2014) - Synthesis Report : Key findings and recommendations

SPREP Publications, Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

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SPREP

A BIORAP is a biological inventory programme undertaken in marine and terrestrial environments, and is designed to rapidly assess the biodiversity of highly diverse areas. Options to manage threats and protect biodiversity of national or international significance are recommended to governing communities.

Australian hawksbill turtle population dynamics project

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Limpus Colin. J.

Miller Jeffrey D.

Cheloniid turtles are characterised by a complicated life history: their eggs are laid on warm beaches; hatchling sex is determined temperature dependent sex determination during embryonic development; lack of parental care; hatchlings are imprinted to the natal area; hatchlings disperse to feed on plankton in the pelagic environments followed by inshore recruitment to feed on benthic organisms; immature turtles have slow growth and delayed maturation; adults migrate to breed in their respective natal area; they lay multiple clutches in a breeding season but dot normally breed annually; adults display high fidelity to both their respective breeding and the feeding areas and have an extended adult life (Hirth. 1997).

What can be done to restore Pacific turtle populations? The Bellagio blueprint for Action on Pacific Sea turtles

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

The Pacific Ocean is the habitat of 5 species of widely distributed sea turtles and one restricted to Australian waters that evolved nearly 30 millions of years ago. All species are long-lived and clow growing, they take form 10 to 30 years to reach maturity and exhibit complex life cycles involving eggs laid in nests on tropical beaches natal homing and extraordinary feeding and breeding migrations that can span the entire Pacific Ocean. Sea turtle populations are slow to increase and replace themselves.

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