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The purpose of this activity - conducting a series of expert interview and data sourcing from relevant experts - aimed to identify pre-existing amplifying and/or mitigating factors that influence Pacific food security and are likely to interact with climate change impacts.

Vanuatu is a proudly agricultural nation, producing high-quality crop livestock, marine and forestry products that are exported around the world.

The Vanuatu Klaemet Infomesen blong Redy, Adapt mo Protekt (VanKIRAP) project supports the Government of Vanuatu to institute a paradigm shift towards the standardised and mainstreamed use of science-based climate information, at multiple timescales to support resilient development pathways in Vanuatu.

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation status is currently neutral (neither La Niña nor El Niño). Oce-anic and atmospheric indicators for the tropical Pacific Ocean are at neutral ENSO levels, but trending towards El Niño.

The Pacific Ocean is currently ENSO - neutral (neither La Niña nor El Niño), with anomalous warmth in both the east and west of the basin. While oceanic ENSO indicators have continued to warm and are forecast to reach El Niño thresholds during winter, there has been little to no shift towards El Niño in atmospheric ENSO indicators

We are in the fight of our lives. and we are losing. Greenhouse gas emission keep growing. Global temperatures keep rising, And our planet is fast approaching tipping points that will make climate chaos irreversible. We are on a highway to climate hell with our foot still on the accelerator.

SPREP is implementing climate information services for resilient development in Vanuatu (CISRD) or Vanuatu Klaemet infomesen blong redy, adapt mo protekt (Van KIRAP) project. T+TI has been engaged to provide technical expertise on the Van KIRAP project for the department of eater resources (DoWR) to review and update existing flood mitigation guidelines for the Srakata catchment in Espiritu Santo Island (Department of water resources, 2011) and to support the development of flood early warning systems in Sarakata

Mangrove ecosystems are under pressure due to anthropogenic stressors and sea level rise. The resilience of mangroves will depend on the rate of accretion of sediments compared to the rate of sea level rise and their capability to colonise higher elevation areas or buffer zones. This will also be affected by the measures to protect the existing mangroves against anthropogenic pressures.

This report outlines key human-mangrove relationships in Moata'a, an urban village settlement in Apia, Samoa with the aim to provide an understanding of the relationship between the Moata'a community and their mangrove environment that will inform future development, conservation and climate adaptation activities in the area.

Many educational resources available on climate change focus on its causes and its mitigation by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. there are very few educational resources that address adaptation measures that are specific to Pacific islands.