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Environment management (waste disposal and recycling) regulations 2007.

Available Online

Environment Management (Waste Disposal and Recycling) Regulations 2007 IN exercise of the powers conferred on me by Part 5 and sections 61(1) (and (3) of the Environment Management Act 2005, and after consulting the Ministers respectively responsible for Fijian Affairs, land, mineral resources, agriculture, fisheries and forests, I make these Regulations ...

Fiji Forest Harvesting - Code of Conduct.

Available Online

Republic of Fiji

The Fiji Forest Harvesting Code of Practice (the Code) shall apply to all harvesting operations in the Republic of Fiji in conjunction with any wood-sales agreement between the owner(s) of wood resources, the buyer(s) and the lice nsing authority (Forestry Department)

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines.

Available Online

Department of Environment, Fiji Islands.

In the promotion of environmentally sound and sustainable development, it is indispensable to establish the necessary legal and institutional arrangements such that environmental factors are considered at the early stages of project planning. Environmental assessment is an important technique for ensuring that the likely impacts on the environment of proposed developments are fully understood and taken into account before such developments is allowed to proceed.

Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial arthropoda. Part IV

Available Online

Aurivillius, Chr.

Blair, K.G.

Fleutiaux, E.

Jordan, Karl

Kleine, R.

Perkins, R.C.L.

Van Zwaluwenberg, R.H.

Although a monograph, or series of papers, dealing comprehensively with the land arthropod fauna of any group of islands in the South Pacific may be expected to yield valuable results, in connection with distribution, modification due to isolation, and other problems, no such work is at present in existence.

Economic and environmental threats of alien plant, animal, and microbe invasions

Available Online

Aquino, T.

Janecka, J.

McNair, S.

O'Connel, C.

Pimentel, David.

Russel, L.

Simmonds, C.

Tsomondo, T.

Wightman, J.

Wong, E.

Zern, J.

Quantifying the environmental damage and loss of biodiversity due to alien species invasions worldwide is complicated by the fact that only some 1.5 million of the estimated 10 million species on earth have been identified and described. The total numbers of introduced species in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa, India, and Brazil range about 2000 to 50,000 species

Prognosis for ecosystem recovery following rodent eradication and seabird restoration in an island archipelago.

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Holly P. JonES

Invasive species are widespread and can have devastating effects on biota, especially insular biota. Invasive species eradications are increasingly employed to promote island recovery to preinvasion states. However, it remains unclear if additional restoration actions may be required on islands that were once heavily reliant on seabird guano for ecosystem functions. Active seabird augmentation has been suggested as necessary to exact ecosystem recovery on contemporary timescales in some cases. I use two experiments on offshore islands in Cook Strait, New Zealand, to test the hypothesis that seabird restoration will restore island ecosystem functioning following invasive rodent removal. The first is a small-scale single-island fertilization experiment that simulates seabird recovery.

Global rise in emerging alien species results form increased accessibility of new source pools

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

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Alain, Roques

Alexander, Mosena

Andrew M, Liebhold

Barbara, Tokarska-Guzik

Benoit, Guenard

Bernd, Blasius

Bernd, Lenzner

Cesar, Capinha

Charlotte, E Causton

Darren, F Ward

David, Pearman

Dietmar, Moser

Eckehard, G Brockerhoff

Ellie, E Dyer

Evan, PEconomo

Franz, Essl

Giuseppe, Brundu

Hanno, Seebens

Heinke, Jager

Helen E, Roy

Ingolf, Kuhn

Jan, Pergl

John, Kartesz

Jonathan, M Jeschke

Julissa, Rojas-Sandoval

Katerina, Stjerova

Kevin Walker

Laura, Celesti-Grapow

Marc, Kenis

Margarita, Arianoutsou

Mark, van Kleunen

Marten, Winter

Michael, Ansong

Misako, Nishino

Nicol, Fuentes

Petr, Pysek

Philip, E Hulme

Piero, Genovesi

Riccardo, Scalera

Shyama, Pagad

Silvia, Rossinelli

Stefan, Dullinger

Stefan, Schindler

Stephanie, Rorke

Sven, Bacher

Takehiko, Yamanaka

Tim M, Blackburn

Wayne, Dawson

Wolfgang, Nentwig

Wolfgang, Rabitsch

Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien speciesthose never encountered as aliens beforetherefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: One-quarter of first records during 20002005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 116% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.

Zero-tolerance biosecurity protects high-conservation-value island nature reserve.

Available Online

Scott,John K. McKirdy, Simon J. van der Merwe, Johann Green, Roy Burbidge, Andrew A. Pickles, Greg Hardie,Darryl C. Morris, Keith Kendrick, Peter G. Thomas, Melissa L. Horton, Kristin L. OConner, Simon Downs, Justin Stoklosa, Richard Lagdon, Russell Marks, Barbara Naim, Malcolm Mengersen, Kerrie

Barrow Island, north-west coast of Australia, is one of the worlds significant conservation areas, harboring marsupials that have become extinct or threatened on mainland Australia as well as a rich diversity of plants and animals, some endemic. Access to construct a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant, Australias largest infrastructure development, on the island was conditional on no non-indigenous species (NIS) becoming established. We developed a comprehensive biosecurity system to protect the islands biodiversity. From 2009 to 2015 more than 0.5 million passengers and 12.2 million tonnes of freight were transported to the island under the biosecurity system, requiring 1.5 million hrs of inspections. No establishments of NIS were detected. We made four observations that will assist development of biosecurity systems. Firstly, the frequency of detections of organisms corresponded best to a mixture log-normal distribution including the high number of zero inspections and extreme values involving rare incursions. Secondly, comprehensive knowledge of the islands biota allowed estimation of false positive detections (62% native species). Thirdly, detections at the border did not predict incursions on the island. Fourthly, the workforce detected more than half post-border incursions (59%). Similar approaches can and should be implemented for all areas of significant conservation value.

No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide

Available Online

Hanno Seebens et al

Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics of alien species accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species, we show that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (19702014). Inter-continental and inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to the diaspora of European settlers in the nineteenth century and to the acceleration in trade in the twentieth century. For all taxonomic groups, the increase in numbers of alien species does not show any sign of saturation and most taxa even show increases in the rate of first records over time. This highlights that past efforts to mitigate invasions have not been effective enough to keep up with increasing globalization.

Report on results of rat control trials in the Tokelau Islands from 30 July to 20 September 1970 and recommendations for a comprehensive scheme of rat control

Available Online

Kazimierz Wodzicki

The visit to the Tokelau Islands described below is the third carried out in a study of ecology, rat control and related problems. The first visit in 1966/67 (Wodzicki 1968 A) was devoted primarily to the study of the ecology of the Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) and the environment, including the animals and the vegetation, of Nukunonu atoll. The main objects of the second expedition in April-June 1968 (Wodzicki 1968 B) were the initiation of a long-term investigation of rat damage on all three atolls and the training of two men from each island as rat control operatives. The present visit was planned with the following tow main objectives in mind: 1. the study of the relationship of rat damage to various coconut varieties growing in the Tokelau Islands; and 2. the conduct of rat control trials with the view of preparing for the Administrator, Tokelau Islands (Mr. Richard B. Taylor) recommendations for a rat control scheme suitable for the Tokelau Islands. The preliminary analysis of data collected during the fifteen months long investigation of rat damage in 1968/69 on the three atolls suggested that palms belonging to some varieties may be more prone to rat damage then others (Wodzicki 1970). It seemed important that we learn more about the character of palms growing on the three atolls. With regard to rat control, trials with various kinds of poisons have been carried out since our first visit to the Tokelaus in 1966/67 (Wodzicki 1968 A). However, during our first two visits knowledge of rat ecology was not sufficiently advanced to allow for more sophisticated tests. Since the author's 1968 visit, the important work on rat control in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands by F.J. Smith (Smith 1969) has become available. This information and our knowledge of rat ecology, gradually acquired since the beginning of the Tokelau Islands rat project, now makes possible a programme that could become the basis of a practical rat control scheme for the three islands. As most of the previous work had been carried out on Nukunonu atoll only, it was felt that half of the time during the visit should be spent on Fakaofo and th remainder on Atafu. Following a brief descrption of these trials is the writer's recommendation of a rat control scheme submitted to the Administrator, Tokelau Islands. Finally, some other observations on plants, animals and related aspects are friefly reported and collections made for the Botany Division, D.S.I.R. and the Dominion Museum are briefly mentioned.

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