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Biodiversity in a Changing Climate - Linking science and management in conservation

Hall, Kimberly R. (ed.)

,

Herzog, Mark P. (ed.)

,

Howell, Christine A. (ed.)

,

Root, Terry L. (ed.)

2015
One major consequence of climate change is abrupt, dramatic changes in regional biodiversity. Even if the most optimistic scenarios for mitigating climate change transpire, the fate of many wild species rests on the shoulders of people engaged in conservation planning, management, and policy. Providing managers with the latest and most useful climate change research is critical and requires challenging the conventional divide between scientists and managers. Biodiversity in a Changing Climate promotes dialogue among scientists, decision makers, and managers who are grappling with climate-related threats to species and ecosystems in diverse forms. The book includes case studies and best practices used to address impacts related to climate change across a broad spectrum of species and habitats--from coastal krill and sea urchins to prairie grass and mountain bumblebees. Focused on California, the issues and strategies presented in this book will prove relevant to regions across the West, as well as other regions, and provide a framework for how scientists and managers in any region can bridge the communication divide to manage biodiversity in a rapidly changing world. Biodiversity and a Changing Climate will prove an indispensable guide to students, scientists, and professionals engaged in conservation and resource management.
The First Global Integrated Marine Assessment : World Ocean Assessment I

United Nations (editor)

2017
The World Ocean Assessment - or, to give its full title, The First Global Integrated Marine Assessment - is the outcome of the first cycle of the United Nations' Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects. The Assessment provides vital, scientifically-grounded bases for the consideration of ocean issues, including climate change, by governments, intergovernmental agencies, non-governmental agencies and all other stakeholders and policymakers involved in ocean affairs. Together with future assessments and related initiatives, it will support the implementation of the recently adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly its ocean-related goals. Moreover, it will also form an important reference text for marine science courses.
Status of land birds on selected islands in the Ha'apai group, Kingdom of Tonga
Available Online

Steadman, David W.

1998
Based on fieldwork in 1995 and 1996, I assess the distribution, relative abundance, and habitat requirements of indigenous species of land birds on 13 islands in the Ha'apai Group, Kingdom of Tonga. Among the islands visited, primary forest still exists only on the large (46.6 km2), hi~h (558 m) volcanic island ofTofua. Vegetation on the 12 smaller (0.15-13.3 km ), lower (6-45 m) islands is dominated by a mosaic of active and abandoned agricultural plots, nearly all with an overstory of coconut trees. Because of cultivation practices, very little of this vegetation is reverting to secondary forest. Of the 15 resident species ofland birds that survive on these islands, nine are widespread and at least locally common within Ha'apai, although only four (Gallirallus philippensis, Ptilinopus porphyraceus, Halcyon chloris, Aplonis tabuensis) certainly or probably occur nowadays on all 13 islands. Three species (Gallicolumba stairii, Ptilinopus perousii, Clytorhynchus vitiensis) are extirpated or extremely rare on all islands surveyed except Tofua. Overall species richness and abundance of land birds are much greater on Tofua than on the other islands. This difference may be due more to the presence of primary forest on Tofua than to Tofua's greater area and elevation.
Do large whales have an impact on commercial fishing in the South Pacific Ocean

Young, Jock W.

2000
Although there is evidence that some populations of large whales in the Southern Hemisphere have increased in recent years, differences in feeding behaviour and migration patterns largely precludes direct competition between these and coastal pelagic fisheries in the South Pacific Ocean. In particular, many of the whales that spend at least part of their year in the South Pacific make feeding migrations in summer to Antarctic waters where some estimates put their food intake at 90% of annual consumption. Others, such as female sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), which do not migrate from tropical/subtropical South Pacific waters, feed at depths greater than that usually occupied by species that are the targets of commercial fisheries, such as the tunas (Thunnus spp.). Thus, even though consumption by whales is high, dietary overlap with commercially fished species is relatively low as much of their feeding is in waters that are not exploited by fisheries. However, there are a number of anecdotal reports that some smaller cetacean species, in particular killer and pilot whales, that take fish from longlines set in the region, although more are lost to sharks. However, it should be noted that any assessment of interactions between whales and fisheries is limited by a lack of qualitative and quantitative data. Abundance estimates, particularly for some of the smaller species in the South Pacific region, are only order of magnitude estimates. Furthermore, knowledge for food chains (and their interactions) for many cetaceans in the South Pacific is sketchy making assessment of their impact on local fisheries difficult.
Distribution, relative abundance, and habitat relationships of landbirds in the Vava'u group, Kingdom of Tonga / by David W. Steadman and Freifield, Holly B.
BRB
Available Online

Freifield, Holly B.

,

Steadman, David W.

1998
We assessed the distribution, relative abundance, and habitat preferences of the 12 indigenous, resident species of landbirds that survive in the Vava‘u Group, Kingdom of Tonga. We surveyed 16 islands, 10 of which are previously unmentioned in ornithological literature. The islands vary in land area (0.02-96 kn?), habitat composition, elevation (20- 215 m), and distance (O-lo.1 km) from the largest island of ‘Uta Vavdu. We conducted point counts along transects on 14 of the islands, and placed each count location into one of five habitat categories. Of the 11 species of landbirds that are widespread and at least locally common, 7 (Purple-capped Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus porphyraceus, Pacific Pigeon Ducula pacijca, Common Barn-Owl Tyto alba, White-rumped Swiftlet Collocalia spodiopygia, Collared Kingfisher Halcyon chloris, Polynesian Tiiller Lalage maculosa, Polynesian Starling Aplonis tabuensis) certainly or probably occur on each of the 16 islands. One species (West Polynesian Ground-Dove Gallicolumba stairii) is extremely rare (one small population on one island). Three species that we did not record (Many-colored Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus perousii, Blue-crowned Lorikeet Vini australis, Fiji Shrikebill Clytorhynchus vitiensis) probably have been extirpated from Vava‘u. The species richness and relative abundance of landbirds on islands in Vava‘u are affected more by deforestation and other human activities than by island area, elevation, or isolation.
Progress towards developing national strategies for sustainable development in Pacific island developing countries

Lefale, Penehuro Fatu

Over the past twenty years, the international environment and development debate has continued to evolve from a conservation driven agenda in the early 1970s to the present sustainable development (SD) era. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 was a significant event marking the beginning of the formal acceptance by the international community of the concept of SD.
Provisional Environmental Impact Assessment for the Extraction of Coral Reef Products for the Marine Aquarium and Curio Trade in Fiji

Lovell, Edward R.

,

Tumuri, Manasa

1999
Commercial collection of the living material from coral reefs for export has cause concern with regard to its environmental impacts and sustainability. The requirement for aquarium products and curio coral is growing rapidly. Its management at both the community and Government level is lagging due to the unclear status of the fishery. The resource represents a valuable export but the emerging nature of the fishery prevents management, traditional, or otherwise, which is based on biological data or ecological relationships other than in a categorical sense. No statistical comparison of the effects of extraction are immediately possible due to the lack of both baseline data and history of observation. This report discusses the current state of the aquarium products and coral harvesting industry in Fiji. The fishery utilizes coral as ornaments and live coral, plants, other animals and reef rock for coral reef aquaria. Collection for other uses such as for medical purposes, the construction of sewerage soakage pits for other constructional purposes is only briefly considered.
Hetta - Disaster and Resilience

Niue Government

2004
Short publication by the Niue Government on the impacts and destruction left by cyclone Hetta.
IWP Learning and Reflection Part 2 - Successes, Problems and Lessons from Six IWP Pilots: Cases from the Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Niue, Papau New Guinea, Palau and the Solomon Islands

Aitaro, Joseph

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Alik, Lowell

,

International Waters Project (IWP)

,

Leolahi, Sione

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Lovai, Narua

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Mesia, Patrick

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Tafileichig, Andy

2006
This report is the second in a series. It aims to document the International Waters Project's achievements, problems and lessons from the perspective of National Coordinators working on the project. This second report (Part 2) documents the thoughts and perspectives of a second set of IWP National Coordinators: those from the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Palau and the Solomon Islands.
Fishing for Facts : Are whales threatening fish stocks?

Australian Government

Factsheets and brochure on whales and their importance for ocean health.

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