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Globally important islands where eradicating invasive mammals will benefit highly threatened vertebrates

Available Online

Holmes, Nick D [et al.]

Earths most highly threatened terrestrial insular vertebrates (111 of 1,184 species). Of these, 107 islands were in 34 countries and territories and could have eradication projects initiated by 2020. Concentrating efforts to eradicate invasive mammals on these 107 islands would benefit 151 populations of 80 highly threatened vertebrates and make a major contribution towards achieving global conservation targets adopted by the worlds nations.

Black rat eradication on Italian islands: planning forward by looking backward

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Baccetti, N.

Capizzi, D.

Gotti, C.

Pelliccioni, E. Raganella

Petrassi, F.

Sozio, G.

Sposimo, P.

Since 1999, the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been eradicated from 14 Italian islands, and eradication is ongoing on a further five islands. Most projects were funded by the European Union (EU) Life Programme. Over the years, eradication techniques have been improved and adapted to different situations, including aerial bait distribution on islands with large inaccessible areas, which otherwise would have relied on a manual bait distribution. A priority list of eradications on islands, which was compiled ten years ago, has been met to a large extent, as rats have been successfully eradicated from many islands of great importance to breeding seabirds. Despite some cases of re-invasion occurring in early projects, advances in biosecurity measures have allowed for eradications on islands where this was previously considered unfeasible due to a high risk of re-invasion. This paper reports on black rat eradication work performed on Italian Mediterranean islands with small villages. We show biodiversity benefits of these programmes, but also qualitatively address socio-economic and health impacts on local communities. Eradication projects have faced new obstacles, due to recent changes in legislation which complicated the application of rodenticides and made it very difficult to get permission for aerial distribution of bait on some of the priority islands.

Control of house mice preying on adult albatrosses at Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Duhr,M.

Flanders, B.

Flint, E.N.

Howald, G.

Hunter, S.A.

Norwood, D.

Taylor, R.V.

Sand Island, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (MANWR), is home to 21% of all nesting black-footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) and 47% of all nesting Laysan albatross (P. immutabilis) worldwide. During the 20152016 nesting season predation and disturbance by non-native house mice (Mus musculus), here documented for the first time, resulted in 70 abandoned nests, 42 adult birds killed and 480 wounded. In the following nesting season the affected area increased, resulting in 242 dead adults, 1,218 injured birds and 994 abandoned nests. Mouse predation activities triggered a mouse control response to reduce mouse densities in the affected areas using multi-catch live traps, kill traps, and limited use of anticoagulant rodenticides in bait stations. In 20162017 we applied a pelleted cholecalciferol rodenticide, AGRID (Bell Laboratories, Madison, WI), at a rate of 20 kg/ha in all affected areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using AGRID to reduce mouse density and rate of mouse attacks on nesting albatrosses on Sand Island. Mouse attacks decreased and mouse abundance was reduced following rodenticide applications in the plots treated in December but changes in attack rates in the plots treated in January were not detectable and mouse abundance increased subsequent to treatment. The plots in the December treatments were much larger than those used in January and rainfall rate increased after December. A minimum size of treatment area may be necessary to achieve a reduction in injury rates in albatrosses. No deleterious effects were observed in non-target organisms. The casualties resulting from mouse predation (mostly Laysan albatross) represent a small proportion of the 360,000 pairs nesting on Sand Island. However, the risk to adult breeding albatrosses representing such a large fraction of the global population prompted the United States Fish & Wildlife Service to prioritise mouse control efforts.

Reptile ecology and conservation. A handbook of techniques.

Dodd C K, JR

The two most fundamental pieces of information necessary to begin developing ecological studies and conservation strategies for reptiles (or any organisms) are identifying the species and knowing what a species does in its natural habitat.

Persistence, accuracy and timeliness: finding, mapping and managing non-native plant species on the island of South Georgia (South Atlantic)

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Floyd, K.

Lee, J.

Myer, B.

Pass?eld, K.

Poncet, S.

The South Georgia ecosystem-based habitat restoration project is a major project that began with the eradication of invasive rats (Rattus norvegicus) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), 20112017. As part of this restoration programme a non-native plant management strategy was developed and implemented. With only 8% of the whole South Georgia landmass suitable for vascular plants (ca. 283 km²) due to permanent ice and bare rock, there have been 25 indigenous vascular plants and 41 non-native plants recorded from earlier surveys. Following removal of grazing pressure from introduced mammals, surveys were conducted to quantify the current status and distribution of non-native plant populations and enable a non-native plant control strategy to be developed for the island. Due to the vast scale of the island, multiple seasons were required to carry out rapid surveys of key indicators such as species, area of plant coverage in square metres and age class (mature or juvenile). Survey and control data were entered into a spatial database to enable analysis, allow data-informed management decisions and be used for long-term control-based monitoring of outcomes. During this series of surveys, 44 naturalised, non-native plant species were identi?ed and mapped. Of these, 34 species are now being managed at zero density with 56,851 m2 at 184 sites controlled to date; four are managed at speci?c sites with 22,443 m2 controlled to date, three require con?rmation of species and the remaining three species are widely established and receive limited control. Spatially quantifying the distribution and control of non-native plants has enabled the development and implementation of an e?ective management strategy which contributes to the restoration of South Georgias native biodiversity.

Protected area short courses in Australia, Asia and the Pacific: training issues, needs and recommendations.

Available Online

Chapple, Rosalie

Landscape conservation, and management of protected areas in particular, needs leadership, knowledge, practical skills, science, innovation, creativity and collaboration.

Initial results management framework of the fund

Climate Change Resilience, BRB

Available Online

Green Climate Fund B.07/04: Recommended action of the Board, a. Takes note of the information presented in document GCF/B.07/05 Initial Results Management Framework of the Fund; and b. Adopts the draft decision presented in Annex 1 to this document

Climate change vulnerability assessment of species

Climate Change Resilience, BRB

Available Online

Akçakaya, H. Resit

Bickford, David

Carr, Jamie A.

Foden, Wendy B.

Garcia, Raquel A.

Hoffmann, Ary A.

Hole, David G.

Huntley, Brian

Martin, Tara G.

Pacifici, Michela

Pearce‐Higgins, James W.

Platts, Philip J.

Stein, Bruce A.

Thomas, Chris D.

Visconti, Piero

Watson, James E. M.

Wheatley, Christopher J.

Young, Bruce E.

Assessing species' vulnerability to climate change is a prerequisite for developing effective strategies to conserve them. The last three decades have seen exponential growth in the number of studies evaluating how, how much, why, when, and where species will be impacted by climate change. We provide an overview of the rapidly developing field of climate change vulnerability assessment (CCVA) and describe key concepts, terms, steps and considerations. We stress the importance of identifying the full range of pressures, impacts and their associated mechanisms that species face and using this as a basis for selecting the appropriate assessment approaches for quantifying vulnerability. We outline four CCVA assessment approaches, namely trait?based, correlative, mechanistic and combined approaches and discuss their use. Since any assessment can deliver unreliable or even misleading results when incorrect data and parameters are applied, we discuss finding, selecting, and applying input data and provide examples of open?access resources. Because rare, small?range, and declining?range species are often of particular conservation concern while also posing significant challenges for CCVA, we describe alternative ways to assess them. We also describe how CCVAs can be used to inform IUCN Red List assessments of extinction risk. Finally, we suggest future directions in this field and propose areas where research efforts may be particularly valuable.

Natural resources management and the environment in small island developing states (SIDS)

Available Online

This paper focuses on the environmental challenges of sustainable development issues with particular attention to natural resource management, environment and climate change in the food and agriculture sector (including crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry). FAOs agriculture, fisheries, forestry and technical assistance programmes provide considerable resources to assist member countries promote conservation, ustainable use and management of natural resources and to reduce the risks associated with climate extremes as well as resilience building.

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