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Helping Islands adapt: a workshop on Regional Action to Combine Invasive Species on Islands to preserve biodiveristy and adapt to climate change: a global island partnership event

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Steiner, Achim

A Workshop on Regional Action to Combat Invasive Alien Species on Islands to Preserve Biodiversity and Adapt to Climate Change highlighted successes, deepened connections within regions and facilitated the exchange of experiences across regions.While discussions outlined significant obstacles to invasive alien species management2 on islands, they also showcased how targeted successes have led to major gains for conservation and development.Collaboration across developmental and environmental sectors and sustained support are critical to success in this field.Exciting new initiatives are developing to demonstrate large-scale management of invasive alien species across island regions. Next steps to accelerate and expand national, regional and international action and successful outcomes were agreed.The workshop outcomes will help drive effective management of invasive alien species threats to island livelihoods and biodiversity at local, national, regional and international levels.

Implications of climate change and sea level rise for small island nations of the South Pacific : a regional synthesis

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Hay, John E.

Kaluwin, Chalapan

Pacific at Risk : the reality of climate change and survival

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Michael Von Reiche

A cd containing video of climate change effects in the Pacific

Climate Change : 2001 : The scientific basis : Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessement Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / edited by Houghton, J.T. ... et al.

Climate Change Resilience

Univeristy of Cambridge

Response of Exotic Invasive Plant Species To Forest Damage Caused By Hurricane Isabel

Available Online

Boucher, D.H.

Kyde, K.I.

Snitzer, J.L.

In September 2003, Hurricane Isabel caused unexpectedly high levels of wind damage to an 80-to 100-year-old forest in the Piedmont of Maryland. The storm had decreased in intensity from landfall by the time it reached the study sitesustained winds were moderate and maximum gusts recorded in the area were only 62.7 mph (28.1 m?s-1). Midsized gaps (up to 1 ha) were created in forest that historically had only small or single-tree gaps. Isabel created the opportunity to determine whether natural disturbance facilitates the spread of exotic invasive plant species. Exotic invasive species populations were sampled in 400 5 x 5 m quadrats in a heavily damaged 1-ha, long-term forest study plot and in 160 5 x 5 m quadrats in 0.4 ha of a nearby, less-damaged forest between mid-October and mid-December 2003. Light levels (quantum flux density of photosynthetically active radiation) in the heavily disturbed Permanent Plot and the Less Damaged control plot were surveyed in October 2003 and 2004. The fall 2004 resurvey for exotic plants has also been completed. Based on a random sample of the fall 2004 exotics data, exotic invasive plant species responded strongly to the increased light levels in patches of forest damaged by Isabel. Collectively, the mean increase in percentage cover of exotic plants was 47.8% in high-light canopy gaps versus only 4.8 % in low-light non-gaps and 4.2% in the less-damaged forest. Several individual exotic speciesPolygonum perfoliatum, Polygonum positive responses to higher light levels. The shadeloving caespitosum, and Lonicera japonica had significant biennial, Alliaria petiolata, changed significantly in the opposite direction, decreasing in the high-light areas and increasing in the lowlight areas. The authors are also investigating the interaction of exotic plants with native plants, forest regeneration, and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in damaged areas. Study areas and exclosures for these projects were set up in 2004 and will be resurveyed beginning in 2005.

Marine atlas maximising benefits for Fiji.

Available Online

GIZ

IUCN

SPREP

Fijis marine ecosystems are worth FJ$2.5 billion per yearexceeding the countrys total export value. We are strongly committed to sustaining these values to build an equitable and prosperous blue economy

The impact of Hurricane Frances (2004) on the invasive Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia L.) on San Salvador Island, the Bahamas

Available Online

Gamble, Douglas W.

Rodgers, John C.

On September 2, 2004 Hurricane Frances (Category 3) passed directly over San Salvador Island, The Bahamas. This event offered the opportunity to gather baseline data regarding the impact of hurricanes on populations of the invasive Australian pine (Casuarina equisettifolia L.) in the Bahamas. Results of vegetation surveys within both forest stands and beach environments suggest that the overall impact of this hurricane was minimal. Less than 13% of forest individuals and 17% of beach individuals surveyed were damaged, and the majority of damage was restricted to just one location for both the forest and beach study sites. The most common damage type within the forest sites was snapped trees (8%) and this primarily occurred within trees ranging in size from 712 cm in diameter. Browning of the entire foliage was the most common damage type within the beach sites (9.3%) but this damage type only occurred within tree sizes less than or equal to 90 cm in height. Thus it appears that Hurricane Frances had a negligible effect on Australian pine populations as a whole on San Salvador Island and that this disturbance event will probably not limit future population expansion. It is suggested that more powerful or more frequent hurricanes would be needed to significantly affect Australian pine populations on San Salvador Island. Similar patterns in damage should be expected with comparable hurricane events on other islands in the Bahamas and for other tropical beaches in which this species has invaded.

Removal of Nonnative Vines and Post-Hurricane Recruitment in Tropical Hardwood Forests of Florida

Available Online

Horvitz, Carol C.

Koop, Anthony

In hardwood subtropical forests of southern Florida, nonnative vines have been hypothesized to be detrimental, as many species form dense vine blankets that shroud the forest. To investigate the effects of nonnative vines in post-hurricane regeneration, we set up four large (two pairs of 30 3 60 m) study areas in each of three study sites. One of each pair was unmanaged and the other was managed by removal of nonnative plants, predominantly vines.Within these areas, we sampled vegetation in 5 3 5 m plots for stems 2 cm DBH (diameter at breast height) or greater and in 2 3 0.5 m plots for stems of all sizes. For five years, at annual censuses, we tagged and measured stems of vines, trees, shrubs and herbs in these plots. For each 5 3 5 m plot, we estimated percent coverage by individual vine species, using native and nonnative vines as classes. We investigated the hypotheses that: (1) plot coverage, occurrence and recruitment of nonnative vines were greater than that of native vines in unmanaged plots; (2) the anagement program was effective at reducing cover by nonnative vines; and (3) reduction of cover by nonnative vines improved recruitment of seedlings and saplings of native trees, shrubs, and herbs. In unmanaged plots, nonnative vines recruited more seedlings and had a significantly higher plot-cover index, but not a higher frequency of occurrence. Management significantly reduced cover by nonnative vines and had a significant overall positive effect on recruitment of seedlings and saplings of native trees, shrubs and herbs. Management also affected the seedling community (which included vines, trees, shrubs, and herbs) in some unanticipated ways, favoring early successional species for a longer period of time. The vine species with the greatest potential to strangle gaps were those that rapidly formed dense cover, had shade tolerant seedling recruitment, and were animal-dispersed. This suite of traits was more common in the nonnative vines than in the native vines. Our results suggest that some vines may alter the spatiotemporal pattern of recruitment sites in a forest ecosystem following a natural disturbance by creating many very shady spots very quickly.

Kerala: Flood-hit India state battles rat fever outbreak

Available Online

BBC website news article - Flood hit South Indian state of Kerala 11 people died of leptospirosis; After floods expect to see water-borne diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhoea, hepatitis and rat fever

Making protected areas relevant: a guide to integrating protected areas into wider landscapes, seascapes and sectoral plans and strategies

Climate Change Resilience, BRB

Available Online

Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken. Well designed and effectively managed systems of protected areas are a vital tool for reducing biodiversity loss while delivering environmental goods and services that underpin sustainable development. There are currently over 130,000 protected areas worldwide, covering around 13.9 % of the Earths land surface and 5.9 % of the territorial marine surface. These areas represent a tremendous resource for conserving biodiversity and for protecting vital ecosystem services. The worlds protected areas exist in a rapidly changing world. There are many issues facing protected areas, including climate change, invasive species, fragmentation of natural ecosystems, increasing urbanisation and growing demands upon natural resources. Consideration of protected areas must be framed within this context of global change

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