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Collection Island and Ocean Ecosystems
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Report of the Eleventh (11th) Meeting of the Pacific Islands Roundtable for Nature Conservation (PIRT) : report. Suva, Fiji June 24th - 27th 2008

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)

This is the first Roundtable meeting since the 2007 8th Pacific Islands Conference on Nature Conservation, held in Alotau, Papua New Guinea. All previous working groups and activities of the Roundtable were disbanded and a new set of activities proposed to the Heads of Roundtable Organisations meeting for discussion. The Heads of Roundtable Organisations meeting consisted of people with decision making ability for their organizations or with designated decision making ability. The Roundtable meeting on the second two days was for other Roundtable organization participants and developed and confirmed charters for working groups and discussed other issues pertinent to conservation in the region.

Managing non living resources in the Pacific through economics, [paper presented] 23rd Science, Technology and resources network (STAR) conference, Honiara, Solomon Islands, 2006

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Holland Paula

Woodruff Allison

While development of natural non living resources such as minerals and water can better the lives of Pacific islanders, it needs to be managed to ensure a safe and healthy environment. And as any resource manager today knows, to manage resources we need to manage the people who use them. A number of projects in the Pacific have recently turned to economic tools to help manage the way people use non living natural resources. In this paper selected case studies will be used to: ? demonstrate the different ways that economic tools are helping to improve the governance of a variety of non living natural resources in the Pacific: and ? consider the prospects for using these tools more generally in the Pacific in the future. To highlight the ways in which economic tools can improve the governance of non living natural resources, a simple project cycle is used. A number of case studies including the following are used to show how economic tools are improving management of non living natural resources in different sectors including water, disasters, oceans., minerals and energy. Details of case sftidies are provided in the paper accompanying the presentation. Following discussion of the case studies, the implications for using economic analysis to support the management of 11011 living resources in the Pacific is discussed.

Potential and future prospects for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) in small islands developing states (SIDS)

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Binger Dr. Al

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is an energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power. OTEC system uses the ocean's natural thermal gradientthe ocean's layers of water have different temperaturesto drive a power producing cycle. As long as the temperature between the warm surface water and the cold deep water differs by about 20°C (36°F), an OTEC system can produce a significant amount of power, with little impact on the surrounding environment. The oceans are thus a vast renewable resource, with the potential to help us produce billions of watts of electric power. Tins potential is estimated to be about 10ls watts of base load power generation, according to some experts. The distinctive feature of OTEC energy systems is that the end products include not only energy in the form of electricity, but also several other synergistic products.

The possible impacts of climate change on Pacific Islands State Ecosystems

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Burns William C.G.

While it is anticipated that most nations will ultimately suffer adverse consequences from climate change,1 small island states may face the most dire and immediate consequences. A previous piece by this author focused on the socioeconomic and cultural ramifications of climate change on Pacific Island Developing Countries (PIDCs).2 This article will examine the possible impacts of climate change on the ecosystems of PIDCs. In this pursuit, I will: first, provide a brief overview of PIDCS, second, outline present assessments of climate trends, both globally and regionally, that may have an impact on PIDCS, third, assess some of the potential ecosystem impacts of climate change on islands in the Pacific region, and finally, assess the possible role of the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change in ameliorating these impacts.

In the front line: shoreline protection and other ecosystem services from mangroves and coral reefs

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

UNEP-WCMC

The Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004 and its tragic and devastating consequences were a wake-up call for the global community, dramatically drawing attention to the vulnerability of tropical coastal ecosystems and the dangers of undermining the services they provide to humankind. This was further emphasized by the catastrophic hurricane season in the Gulf of Mexico in 2005 when Hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma caused much publicized and extensive damage to coastal areas. The numerous other tropical storms that affected coastal communities and ecosystems in other parts of the world in the same year received much less attention, but were also notable.

Post-Tsunami assessment of Zinoa marine conservation area, South Choiseul, Solomon Islands

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Hamilton Richard, Ramohia Peter, Hughes Alec, Siota Catherine, etc

The waters surrounding Choiseul contain some of the highest diversities of coral and reef fish in the world, with the 2004 Solomon Island Marine Assessment showing that the Solomon Islands are part of the global centre for marine diversity known as the Coral Triangle. Other countries that make up the Coral Triangle are Indonesia, Philippines, parts of Malaysia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea. Since 2004 The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the Lauru Land Conference of Tribal Community (LLCTC) and Choiseul provincial fisheries have assisted five local communities around Choiseul in their efforts to establish Marine Conservation Areas (MCA) on their traditional reefs. The first MCA to be established was the Zinoa MCA. Zinoa is located on the south-west side of Choiseul in the Solomon Islands. The Zinoa MCA was established by traditional leaders in November 2004, covering 150 hectares and consisting of two islands and associated reefs that occur approximately one kilometre offshore from Voza village on the Choiseul mainland. The reefs around Zinoa Islands are representative of this region of the South coast of Choiseul. In early 2005 sea cucumbers, trochus and giant clams around Zinoa Islands were reported by traditional reef owners to be only a tiny fraction of their former abundance and food fish populations were also reported to be in decline.

Currents in the Bismarck Sea and Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Steinberg C.R., Choukroun S.M., Slivkoff M.M., Mahoney M.V., Brinkman R.M

The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is in the process of conducting an Eco-regional assessment of the Bisniarck Sea, to use as the basis for expandmg its conservation efforts in this important area. The goal is to develop a network of coral reef Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) for the Bismarck Sea with Kimbe Bay as a platform site. Physical oceanographic data can be used more effectively in the design of MP As. This is often difficult to achieve in many remote regions that yield few actual direct observations.

Impacts of Ocean acidification on coral reefs and other marine calcifiers: a guide for future research

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Kleypas JA, Feely RA, Fabry VJ, Langdon C, Sabine CL, Robbins LL

Research findings of the past decade have led to mounting concern that rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations will cause changes in the oceans carbonate chemistry system, and that those changes will affect some of the most fundamental biological and geochemical processes of the sea. Thanks to the efforts of large-scale physical and biogeochemical ocean programs such as WOCE, JGOFS, and OACES, ocean-wide changes in the carbonate system are now well documented. Since 1980 ocean uptake of the excess CO2 released by anthropogenic activities is significant; about a third has been stored in the oceans. The rate of atmospheric CO2 increase, however, far exceeds the rate at which natural feedbacks can restore the system to normal conditions. Oceanic uptake of CO2 drives the carbonate system to lower pH and lower saturation states of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite, and high-magnesium calcite, the materials used to form supporting skeletal structures in many major groups of marine organisms.

Coral reef use and management - the need, role, and prospects of economic valuation in the Pacific / Padma Lal

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Lal, Padma

Capacity development for sustainable land management : manual

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Talafre Joana, Paquin Marc, Mayrand Karel, Lee Julian, Knabe Friederike

Healthy ecosystems sustained by productive lands play a vital role in ensuring socio-economic development and securing basic human needs such as food, water, shelter and health. Agricultural landscapes, water and forest ecosystems are interrelated in a complex productive chain that generates the goods and services such as food, fuel wood, fi bre, timber, drinking water and a myriad of traded goods that constitute the very basis of human livelihoods and socio-economic development. Healthy lands are the keystone of this vital productive chain.

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