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Collection Island and Ocean Ecosystems
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Climate Change in the Pacific GIZ & Adaptation

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Dr. Killmann, Wulf

Funded by BMZ Implementing CC adaptation activities 12 Pacific Island Countries 6 components Time frame: 2011-2018 23,2 Mio. Euro (plus additional co-fundings from USAID & EU) Implemented with SPC; in close collaboration with SPREP; others partners are USP, MSG

Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change in the Pacific Islands 1

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Chape, Stuart

The Keeling Curve is the name given to the chart of rising atmospheric CO2 levels, as measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. So far, none of the action taken to tackle climate change has slowed the curve's inexorable rise. Co2 has now reached the symbolic threshold of 400 parts per million (ppm)

Pacific Environment and Climate Change

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Evers, Paul

Vanuatu National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan (NISSAP) 2014 - 2020

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Government of Vanuatu

Vanuatu is a Y-shaped archipelago located in the Southwest Pacific Ocean at 13-20o S, 166o 172o E. There is a distance of roughly 1,300 km from northernmost island to the southernmost. The countrys coastline extends for 2,528 km long and comprises over 80 islands with a total land area of 12,336 km2 , set within a 200- mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of approximately 680,000Km2 . Vanuatus islands are geologically young and were formed during the four main volcanic activity periods. The oldest islands are the Torres Group; this group of islands is part of the most northern province of TORBA. Santo the largest island in the SANMA province and Malekula, the larger island in the MALAMPA province, were formed over 22 million years ago. Pentecost and Maewo, islands are the PENAMA province are the second oldest, and were formed between 4 to 11 million years ago.

Vital Health (PACC) Tokelau

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

PACC

SPREP

Vital Coast (PACC) Samoa

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

PACC

SPREP

Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs): the identification process under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and possible ways forward

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Druel, Elisabeth

In 2008, the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted a list of seven scientific criteria for the identification of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) in need of protection in open-ocean waters and deep-sea habitats. This was completed in 2010 by the definition of an identification process under which regional workshops would be organised in order to facilitate the description of EBSAs. The summary reports of these regional workshops, once endorsed by the Conference of the Parties to the CBD, will be forwarded to the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), the competent arena to discuss any future policy implication with respect to EBSAs identified in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ).

Using expert elicitation to estimate the impacts of plastic pollution on marine wildlife

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Hardesty, Britta Denise

Leonard, George H.

Mallos, Nicholas, J.

Rodriguez, Alba

Wilcox, Chris

Marine litter is a growing environmental concern. With the rapid increase in global plastics production and the resulting large volume of litter that enters the marine environment, determining the consequences of this debris on marine fauna and ocean health has now become a critical environmental priority, particularly for threatened and endangered species. However, there are limited data about the impacts of debris on marine species from which to draw conclusions about the population consequences of anthropogenic debris. To address this knowledge gap, information was elicited from experts on the ecological threat (both severity and specificity) of entanglement, ingestion and chemical contamination for three major marine taxa: seabirds, sea turtles and marine mammals. The threat assessment focused on the most common types of litter that are found along the world's coastlines, based on data gathered during three decades of international coastal clean-up efforts. Fishing related gear, balloons and plastic bags were estimated to pose the greatest entanglement risk to marine fauna. In contrast, experts identified a broader suite of items of concern for ingestion, with plastic bags and plastic utensils ranked as the greatest threats. Entanglement and ingestion affected a similar range of taxa, although entanglement was rated as slightly worse because it is more likely to be lethal. Contamination was scored the lowest in terms of impact, affecting a smaller portion of the taxa and being rated as having solely non-lethal impacts. This work points towards a number of opportunities both for policy-based and consumer-driven changes in plastics use that could have demonstrable affects for a range of ecologically important taxa that serve as indicators of marine ecosystem health.

Vital Access (PACC Video) Federated States of Micronesia

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

PACC

SPREP

A2C2: Action Against Climate Change

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Action Against Climate Change

Australian Aid

PACMAS

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