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Negotiations on additional investment and financial flows to address climate change in developing countries

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Haites, Erik

In 2007, the UNFCCC Secretariat prepared a report on "Investment and Financial Flows to Address Climate Change".11 The report covers mitigation and adaptation in various sectors over the period to 2030. The report defines an investment as the initial (capital) cost of a new physical asset with a life of more than one year, such as the capital cost of a gas-fired generating unit or a water supply system. A financial flow is an ongoing expenditure related to climate change mitigation or adaptation that docs not involve physical assets, such as research or health care. These investment and financial flows arc NOT the same as the cost of addressing climate change; changes to the operating costs of investments arc not considered nor arc damages due to climate change estimated.

Aitutaki: climate change community vulnerability and adaptation assessment report

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Bishop Bobby

Carruthers, Pasha

Specifically the Community Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment was conducted to make it possible for the people of Aitutaki to tell the CBDAMPIC project team what climate related problems Aitutaki may be experiencing, and to gather ideas of how to cope with climate related issues both now (climate variability) and in the future (climate change) at the local level. The CBDAMPIC project is striving to be more than a study, and to actually implement a community identified adaptation option. Therefore this report will serve as a basis for identifying practical and locally appropriate solutions that can be implemented as a pilot adaptation project funded through CIDA. The report also provides a tangible outcome of the community consultations that the Aitutaki people can respond to and explore further.

Migration to climate change

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Brown Oli

As early as 1990 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) noted that the greatest single impact of climate change might be on human migrationwith millions of people displaced by shoreline erosion, coastal flooding and agricultural disruption.3 Since then, successive reports have argued that environmental degradation, and in particular climate change, is poised to become a major driver of population displacementa crisis in the making.

The possible impacts of climate change on Pacific Islands State Ecosystems

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Burns William C.G.

While it is anticipated that most nations will ultimately suffer adverse consequences from climate change,1 small island states may face the most dire and immediate consequences. A previous piece by this author focused on the socioeconomic and cultural ramifications of climate change on Pacific Island Developing Countries (PIDCs).2 This article will examine the possible impacts of climate change on the ecosystems of PIDCs. In this pursuit, I will: first, provide a brief overview of PIDCS, second, outline present assessments of climate trends, both globally and regionally, that may have an impact on PIDCS, third, assess some of the potential ecosystem impacts of climate change on islands in the Pacific region, and finally, assess the possible role of the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change in ameliorating these impacts.

Strategies for vulnerability and adaptation assessment in the context of national communications, the 2nd AOSIS workshop on climate change negotiations Apia, Samoa 31 July - 3 August 2000

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Warrick Richard

Under the provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the signatory countries to the Convention are obligated to make periodic National Communications to the Conference of the Parties. Part of National Communications involves reporting on the countrys vulnerability and capacity to adapt to possible changes in climate. International funding mechanisms, such as the Global Environment Facility (GEF), serve to financially support developing countries in building the capacity to enable them to conduct assessments of climate change vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessments as a basis for National Communications.

International trade and climate change: economic, legal, and institutional perspectives: overview

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

The World Bank

THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND DEVELOPMENTAL consequences of climate change have received increasing recognition worldwide. The Stern Review (2006) notes that climate change is a serious and urgent problem, global in its cause and consequences. Current actions are not enough if we are to stabilize greenhouse gases (GHGs) at any acceptable level. The economic challenges are complex and will require a long-term international collaboration to tackle them. The recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) also categorically states that the impacts of climate change will vary regionally, but aggregated and discounted to the present, they are very likely to impose net annual costs that will increase over time as global temperatures increase (IPCC 2007). The Kyoto Protocol remains the key international mechanism under which the industrial countries have committed to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

A climate risk management approach to disaster reduction and adaptation to climate change, UNDP Expert group meeting integrating disaster reduction with adaptation to climate change, Havana, June 17-19, 2002

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

UNDP

Disaster occurrence and losses associated with extreme and increasingly not so extreme climate events have increased dramatically in recent years. While many of the emerging patterns of disaster risk are associated with natural hazards that show no tendency to increases in magnitude and recurrence, human interventions in the natural\ environment are generating new socio-natural hazards, mainly associated with climate events. In many incidences of new flooding, landslide, drought, forest fire and coastal erosion, environmental degradation has transformed natural resources into new hazards. At the same time, the social, economic, territorial, physical and political vulnerability of populations in many developing countries continues to worsen, weakening their capacity to absorb the impact of and recover from extreme climate events.

Bird Life International's Position on Climate change

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Birdlife International

The scientific evidence is overwhelming: climate change is happening, it is largely caused by human activities, it presents very serious global risks for people and biodiversity around the world and it demands an urgent global response. The direct and indirect impacts of climate change are of central concern to BirdLifes objectives and targets, in terms both of biodiversity and of human development. The BirdLife Partnership operates in over one hundred countries and territories worldwide with over 2.5 million members, 10 million supporters and over 1 million hectares owned or managed. Together the BirdLife Partnership forms the leading authority on the status of birds, their habitats and the issues and problems affecting bird life. BirdLife has a significant contribution to make to the climate change debate.

Threats to mangroves from climate change and adaptation options

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Duke Norman C

Ellison Joanna

Field Colin

Gilman, Eric L

Mangrove ecosystems are threatened by climate change. We review the state of knowledge of mangrove vulnerability and responses to predicted climate change and consider adaptation options. Based on available evidence, of all the climate change outcomes, relative sea-level rise may be the greatest threat to mangroves. Most mangrove sediment surface elevations are not keeping pace with sea-level rise, although longer term studies from a larger number of regions are needed. Rising sea-level will have the greatest impact on mangroves experiencing net lowering in sediment elevation, where there is limited area for landward migration. The Pacific Islands mangroves have been demonstrated to be at high risk of substantial reductions. There is less certainty over other climate change outcomes and mangrove responses. More research is needed on assessment methods and standard indicators of change in response to effects from climate change, while regional monitoring networks are needed to observe these responses to enable educated adaptation. Adaptation measures can offset anticipated mangrove losses and improve resistance and resilience to climate change. Coastal planning can adapt to facilitate mangrove migration with sea-level rise. Management of activities within the catchment that affect long-term trends in the mangrove sediment elevation, better management of other stressors on mangroves, rehabilitation of degraded mangrove areas, and increases in systems of strategically designed protected area networks that include mangroves and functionally linked ecosystems through representation, replication and refugia, are additional adaptation options.

Current: the journal of Marine Education: Building bridges through education|Call for community and Cultural Consultation Process|Use of traditional practices in present day law|Taking a sea at the table|Lessons: Fishing in old Hawai'i|International Pacific Marine educators conference|Evolving the Ocean Conservation Movement|Climate change effects on our natural resources and rights in the Pacific|What marine education Does the South Pacific really need?|Removing the barriers: the world ocean observatory and a network for Ocean Education

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

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