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Mainstreaming climate change : a guidance manual for the Pacific islands countries and territories (draft)

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

King, Peter N

Pacific Island countries and territories (PICT)1 are aware that climate change presents significant and growing risks to their sustainable development, including possible loss of some small atoll islands that are barely above sea level. PICTs have been among the strongest advocates globally to argue for an increased, coordinated international effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their plight has been recognized in ongoing global climate change negotiations. With the support of various development partners, the PICTs have also been active in developing climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Energy, ecosystems and livelihoods: understanding linkages in the face of climate change impacts

Climate Change Resilience

Williamson, Laura ... [et al.]

The document begins with a short overview on the impacts of degrading eco-systems on human well-being. How current energy consumption is contributing to this degradation is also addressed. The affect of climate change on ecosystem services and the energy services they provide is then briefly examined. The document concludes with suggestions for how IUCN could bring its expertise to the energy, ecosystem, climate change nexus

Climate change impacts on migratory species: the path ahead

Climate Change Resilience, BRB

Available Online

UNEP/CMS/ZSL

The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is conducting research for the UNEP Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) into the effects of climate change on species protected by CMS. Species have been identified as having a high, medium or low vulnerability to the threat of climate change and have been categorised on the basis of a standardised assessment process. This leaflet summarises the emerging results from an assessment of CMS Appendix I species, in order to provide guidance to policy makers at the earliest opportunity. Results highlight a number of processes by which greenhouse gas emissions and climatic changes will increasingly threaten migratory species; all species assessed will be affected by these impacts. A broad set of biological, geographical and socio-economic factors will influence species vulnerability. Identifying these factors and developing further conservation management practices will be essential for the short term future of these species. In the long term, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is vital if we are to avoid unmanageable levels of climate change.

Climate change and biodiversity in the European Union overseas entities

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Petit, Jerome

Prudent, Guillaume

Climate change is a major threat to global biodiversity. From the tropics to the Poles, the worlds ecosystems are all under pressure. A study published in the scientific journal Nature posited that 15 to 37% of terrestrial animal and plant species could be at risk of extinction because of human-induced impacts on climate (Thomas et al., 2004). Scattered across the four corners of the Earth, European Union overseas entities, are home to a biological diversity that is as rich as it is vulnerable. Located in several global biodiversity hotspots, these territories are home to a far greater number of endemic animal and plant species than continental Europe. However, this natural wealth is under pressure from numerous quarters: habitat destruction, invasive alien species, pollution, over-exploitation of species; no territory has been spared. Today, climate change represents an additional threat to these ecosystems, and one which could possibly end up being as damaging as all the others combined.

An overview of modeling climate change : impacts in the Caribbean region with contribution from the Pacific Islands, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Barbados, West Indies

Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Simpson, M.C...[et al.]

The nations of CARICOM16 in the Caribbean together with Pacific island countries contribute less than 1% to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (approx. 0.33%17 and 0.03%18 respectively), yet these countries are expected to be among the earliest and most impacted by climate change in the coming decades and are least able to adapt to climate change impacts. These nations relative isolation, small land masses, their concentrations of population and infrastructure in coastal areas, limited economic base and dependency on natural resources, combined with limited financial, technical and institutional capacity all exacerbates their vulnerability to extreme events and climate change impacts. Stabilising global GHG emissions and obtaining greater support for adaptation strategies are fundamental priorities for the Caribbean Basin and Pacific island countries. CARICOM leaders recently unveiled their collective position that global warming should be held to no more than 1.5°C19 and continue to develop a Climate Change Strategic Plan. The Pacific island countries have expressed their priorities for addressing climate change regionally through the Pacific Leaders Call to Action on Climate Change20 and the Pacific Islands Framework for Action on Climate Change 2006-2015.21

Quantification and magnitude of losses and damages resulting from the impacts of climate change: modelling the transformational impacts and costs of sea level rise in the Caribbean

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Simpson, M.C...[et al.]

The inextricable links between climate change and sustainable development have been increasingly recognised over the past decade. In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)1 concluded with very high confidence that climate change would impede the ability of many nations to achieve sustainable development by mid-century and become a security risk that would steadily intensify, particularly under greater warming scenarios. Article 4.8 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) lists several groups of countries that merit particular consideration for assistance to adapt to climate change especially: (a) small island countries, (b) countries with low-lying coastal areas, c) countries with areas prone to natural disasters. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have characteristics which make them particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, sea level rise (SLR) and extreme events, including: relative isolation, small land masses, concentrations of population and infrastructure in coastal areas, limited economic base and dependency on natural resources, combined with limited financial, technical and institutional capacity for adaptation.2

Waste and climate change: global trends and strategy framework

Climate Change Resilience, Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

UNEP

At a global scale, the waste management sector makes a relatively minor contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, estimated at approximately 3-5% of total anthropogenic emissions in 2005. However, the waste sector is in a unique position to move from being a minor source of global emissions to becoming a major saver of emissions. Although minor levels of emissions are released through waste treatment and disposal, the prevention and recovery of wastes (i.e. as secondary materials or energy) avoids emissions in all other sectors of the economy. A holistic approach to waste management has positive consequences for GHG emissions from the energy, forestry, agriculture, mining, transport, and manufacturing sectors.

Pacific food security toolkit: building resilience to climate change, root crop and fishery production

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Morell, Willy John ... [et al.]

This Food Security Toolkit, designed specifically for Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), aims to improve Pacific Islanders ability to produce and access safe and nutritious foods that meet their dietary and cultural needs. Targeting food security in the Pacific region is a critical action in the face of climate change, which will continue to place added pressure on existing food and water resources. The ultimate aim of the toolkit is to help ensure that Pacific Island communities continue to produce and have access to a wide range of nutritious food for the dinner plate and market place.

Northern Australian Indigenous Land and Sea Management Alliance (NAILSMA) climate change adaptation workshop report

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

NAILSMA

It was made clear from all of the presentations that climate change is occurring and its consequences, or changes attributed to climate change, are manifestly being observed and noted by Traditional owners on country in ways that richly complement the much more publicised knowledge emerging from the western scientific paradigm. The impacts are both direct and indirect, obvious and variously disguised, environmental and social. The way to mitigate impacts and adapt to changes varies across natural and human landscapes. One of the key features in north Australia is the relatively large proportion of Indigenous people who are particularly vulnerable, not only to obvious physical impacts of climate change effects like more frequent severe cyclones; but to background conditions such as economic underinvestment, poverty, health issues and the vicissitudes of policy making. Such conditions in over-governed, under-resourced communities (remote and urban) exacerbate problems with adaptation to change and capacity to respond. Climate change in north Australia cannot be treated in isolation from existing conditions of life and is increasingly affecting Indigenous lives everywhere, becoming a key stimulus for driving Indigenous capacity, response and adaptation to short and long term changes in their physical and social environment.

Risks from climate change to indigenous communities in the tropical north of Australia

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Altman, J.C...[et al.]

This scoping study presents an assessment of the potential impacts of climate change on Indigenous settlements and communities across tropical northern Australia, including the Torres Strait Islands and the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The study region is home to about 87,000 Indigenous people, around a quarter of the total population of 355,000. The region includes 665 settlements varying from less than 50, to 3,500 people. Approximately 50 per cent of this Indigenous population lives within 20 kilometres of the coast or on offshore islands.

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