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Snaring to control feral pigs (Sus Scrofa) in a remote Hawaiian rain forest / by Stephen J. Anderson & Charles P. Stone

Anderson, S.J. & Stone, C.P.

Legal and institutional models for conservation areas / by Environmental Defender's Office

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme (SPBCP)

The aim of this consultancy is to prepare a broad analysis of legal and institutional options for the establishment and management of Conservation Areas in fourteen independent Pacific Island countries. The full terms of reference for the consultancy are annexed at Appendix 1.

Using Brodifacoum to eradicate kiore (Rattus exulans) from Burgess Island and the Knights group of the Mokohinau Islands / by Ian McFadden and Terry Greene. - Wellington, N.Z. : Dept. of Conservation, 1994.

McFadden, Ian

Eradication of kiore double island, mercury group in Northern New Zealand / by Ian McFadden

McFadden, Ian

Kiore were eradicated on Double Island using two different methods. The larger islet was treated with one manual application of STORM 4 g wax block rat baits containing 0.005% by weight Flocoumafen, in October 1989. The smaller islet received one application of toxic kibbled maize (0.005% bromodialone by weight) after 4 nights prefeeding in November 1989. Kibbled maize was dispensed in silos. No sign of kiore has since been found during four visits to both islands. The cost per hectare for both methods were quite comparable. The nett cost for eradication on the larger islet (19 ha) was $310/ha, the smaller islet cost $432/ha. Both methods are considerably cheaper than the technique used to eradicate Norway rats (R. norvegicus) from Hawea Island. For future rodent eradication campaigns it is suggested that aerial applications of poisons may be made on all islands greater than 50 ha, and that size should be no barrier to rodent eradication. However, substantial non-target have been recorded when 1080 baits were broadcast aerially to control possum. Non-target kills of a similar magnitude may be experienced on larger and more sensitive islands.

Assessment of the effectiveness of Transonic ESP and Yard Guard ultrasonic devices for repelling stoats (Mustela erminea)

Available Online

Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research

Spurr, E. B.

The Department of Conservation, West Coast, requested Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, to test the effectiveness of two ultrasonic devices, Transonic ESP and Yard Gard, for repelling captive stoats (Mustela erminea) from a food source. If they repelled stoats, ultrasonic devices could be used to protect nesting birds such as kiwi (Apterygiformes), penguins (Sphenisciformes), and petrels (Procellariiformes) and their eggs and chicks from predation.

Solomon Islands national ocean policy. November 2018.

Available Online

This national ocean policy aims to protect and increase the value of resources of ocean and also the inherent value of the marine ecosystems and species upon which that wealth relies on.

Equipment and supplier catalogue: Pacific Invasive Initiative (PII)

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Pacific Invasive Initiative (PII)

The purpose of this is to enable invasive species management practitioners to share information on equipment they have used and where it can be purchased. All the information on the catalogue has been provided by practitioners.

UK Rodent Eradication Best Practice Toolkit

Available Online

The spread of invasive non-native species presents one of the greatest threats to biodiversity globally: invasive species are the primary driver of biodiversity loss on islands and the second largest everywhere else (CBD ; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Many of the UKs island ecosystems have been damaged by the arrival and establishment of invasive non-native species. Introduced predators have caused particularly catastrophic damage to many species of waders and seabirds, undoubtedly causing numerous extirpations as well as contributing to ongoing declines(Stanbury et al. 2017). Removing invasive vertebrates from islands is an important conservation tool to protect and restore island ecosystems and to prevent further declines and losses of native species. The UK Rodent Eradication Best Practice Toolkit is intended as an advisory resource, providing a systematic approach for planning and implementing rodent eradications and biosecurity in the UK. It provides technical advice on specific methods to be used in the UK, as well as an eradication project management framework which is applicable to projects everywhere. This Best Practice Toolkit has been compiled, and contributed to, by several UK governmental and non-governmental organisations involved in island restoration, these being: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), GB Non-Native Species Secretariat (GB NNSS), Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), National Trust, National Trust for Scotland, Natural England, Natural Resources Wales (NRW), Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH), Scottish Wildlife Trust (SWT) and the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust. The Toolkit has also received input from Wildlife Management International Ltd (WMIL), and draws heavily from the documentation produced by WMIL for various rat eradication projects undertaken in the UK. The use of the UK Rodent Eradication Best Practice Toolkit aims to give UK organisations and practitioners the ability to embark on invasive rodent management projects with greater confidence of achieving the desired island restoration goals. For more information or to provide feedback on this resource, please contact Sophie Thomas [email protected] .

Rodent management issues in South Pacific islands: a review with case studies from Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu

Available Online

Aplin, Ken P.

Brown, Peter R.

Hinds, Lyn A.

Jacob, Jens

Rithcie, Barbara J.

Thomas, Sarah E.

Rodents are a key pest to agricultural and rural island communities of the South Pacific, but there is limited information of their impact on the crops and livelihoods of small-scale farmers. The rodent pest community is known, but the type and scales of damage to different crops on different islands are unknown. Knowledge about rodent pest management in other geographical regions may not be directly transferable to the Pacific region. Many studies on islands have largely focussed on the eradication of rodents from uninhabited islands for conservation benefits. These broadscale eradication efforts are unlikely to translate to inhabited islands because of complex social and agricultural issues. The livelihoods, culture and customs of poor small-scale farmers in the South Pacific have a large bearing on the current management of rodents. The aim of the present review was to describe the rodent problems, impacts and management of rodents on South Pacific islands, and identify gaps for further research. We compared and contrasted two case studies. The situation in Papua New Guinea is emergent as several introduced rodent species are actively invading new areas with wide-ranging implications for human livelihoods and conservation. In Vanuatu, we show how rodent damage on cocoa plantations can be reduced by good orchard hygiene through pruning and weeding, which also has benefits for the management of black pod disease. We conclude that (1) damage levels are unknown and unreported, (2) the impacts on human health are unknown, (3) the relationships between the pest species and their food sources, breeding and movements are not known, and (4) the situation in Papua New Guinea may represent an emergent crisis that warrants further investigation. In addition, there is a need for greater understanding of the invasive history of pest rodents, so as to integrate biological information with management strategies. Ecologically based rodent management can be achieved on Pacific Islands, but only after significant well funded large-scale projects are established and rodent ecologists are trained. We can learn from experiences from other locations such as Southeast Asia to guide the way.

Global evidence that deforestation amplifies flood risk and severity in the developing world

Available Online

Bradshaw, Corey J. A.

Brook, Barry W.

Peh, Kelvin S. H.

Sodhi, Navjot S.

With the wide acceptance of forest?protection policies in the developing world comes a requirement for clear demonstrations of how deforestation may erode human well?being and economies. For centuries, it has been believed that forests provide protection against flooding. However, such claims have given rise to a heated polemic, and broad?scale quantitative evidence of the possible role of forests in flood protection has not been forthcoming. Using data collected from 1990 to 2000 from 56 developing countries, we show using generalized linear and mixed?effects models contrasted with information?theoretic measures of parsimony that flood frequency is negatively correlated with the amount of remaining natural forest and positively correlated with natural forest area loss (after controlling for rainfall, slope and degraded landscape area). The most parsimonious models accounted for over 65% of the variation in flood frequency, of which nearly 14% was due to forest cover variables alone. During the decade investigated, nearly 100?000 people were killed and 320 million people were displaced by floods, with total reported economic damages exceeding US$1151 billion. Extracted measures of flood severity (flood duration, people killed and displaced, and total damage) showed some weaker, albeit detectable correlations to natural forest cover and loss. Based on an arbitrary decrease in natural forest area of 10%, the model?averaged prediction of flood frequency increased between 4% and 28% among the countries modeled. Using the same hypothetical decline in natural forest area resulted in a 48% increase in total flood duration. These correlations suggest that global?scale patterns in mean forest trends across countries are meaningful with respect to flood dynamics. Unabated loss of forests may increase or exacerbate the number of flood?related disasters, negatively impact millions of poor people, and inflict trillions of dollars in damage in disadvantaged economies over the coming decades. This first global?scale empirical demonstration that forests are correlated with flood risk and severity in developing countries reinforces the imperative for large?scale forest protection to protect human welfare, and suggests that reforestation may help to reduce the frequency and severity of flood?related catastrophes.

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