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Wedelia - Daisy invader of the Melanesia: The Worst weed in the Pacific? Melanesian Geo. Issue 8. April-June 2012. Pages 6-12

Available Online

Thaman. Randy

Wedelia, creeping oxeye, or the trailing daisy, a deceptively beautiful, bright emerald-green creeper with bright yellow daisy-like flowers, is one of the world's most aggressive weeds and is listed among these other destructive organisms as one of the worlds 1000 worst invasive alien species. IT is now firmly established in Melanesia and throughout the Pacific islands. It is suggested that it should be immediately declared a serious noxious weed, should be restricted from introduction into new islands and habitats, and, where possible, eradicated from islands, habitats and places where it is yet to gain a firm foothold.

Special Issue Article: Tropical rat eradication. Trophic roles of black rats and seabird impacts on tropical islands: Mesopredator release or hyperpredation? Biological Conservation. Volume 185, May 2015

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Le Corre. M.

Ringler. D

Russell. J.C

Rats contribute to the decline of tropical seabird populations by affecting their breeding success through direct predation of eggs and chicks. When they coexist with other predators, invasive rats may also generate indirect interactions via the changes they impose on the structure of communities and trophic interactions following invasion (hyperpredation process), or when apex predators are eradicated from the ecosystem (mesopredator release effect). Understanding these effects is necessary to implement restoration operations that actually benefit threatened seabird populations. We investigated these processes on two French tropical seabird islands of the western Indian Ocean, Europa and Juan de Nova, where black rats coexist with two different apex predator species (introduced cats and potentially native barn owls). The parallel use of several methods (diet analysis, stable isotopes, seabird monitoring) to identify trophic roles of rats revealed that the direct impact of rats on seabirds was particularly high on Europa where only rats and owls occur, with high consumption of chicks resulting in low breeding success for several seabird species. We also suggested that hyperpredation associated with top-down regulation of cats is occurring on Juan de Nova, although territoriality of cats may buffer this process. Conversely we found evidence that mesopredator release effect is unlikely, irrespective of the apex predator identity. Considering the most likely effects on both islands we provided recommendations on eradication priorities to mitigate the risk of local extinction that seabirds are currently facing.

Special Issue Article: Tropical rat eradicationFactors associated with rodent eradication failure. Biological Conservation. Volume 185, May 2015

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Alifano. A

Griffiths.R

Holmes. N.D

Pott. M

Russell. J.C.

Wegmann. A.S

Will.D

Invasive rodents have an overwhelmingly detrimental impact to native flora and fauna on islands. Rodent eradications from islands have led to valuable biodiversity conservation outcomes. Tropical islands present an additional suite of challenges for rat eradications due to unique characteristics associated with these environments. To date tropical island rat eradications have failed at a higher rate than those undertaken outside the tropics. Critical knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of what drives this outcome. We collated an in-depth dataset of 216 rodenticide based rat eradication operations (33% of all known rodent eradications) in order to determine correlates of eradication failure, including both project implementation factors and target island ecology, geography and climate. We assessed both failed and successful projects, and projects inside and outside the tropics, using random forests, a statistical approach which compensates for high dimensionality within, and correlation among, predictor variables. When assessing all projects, increasing mean annual temperature, particularly above 24 °C, underscored the higher failure rate and greater difficulty of rodent eradications on islands in lower latitudes. We also found clear trends in eradication failure for factors unique to the tropics, including the presence of land crabs burrowing and hermit crabs, and coconut palms (Cocos nucifera). The presence of agriculture was also associated with failure. Aerial operations had a higher success rate than ground-based methods but success with this technique was less likely in the presence of hermit crabs and other non-target bait consumers. Factors associated with failure in ground-based eradication methods suggested limitations to project scaling such as island area and number of staff. Bait station operations were less likely to succeed when using stopping rules based on measures of rodent abundance. Factors influencing rat eradication failure in tropical environments continue to require a deeper understanding of tropical island dynamics to achieve a higher rate of eradication success.

Assessing and Managing Invasive Species within Protected Areas

Available Online

Tu. M

One of the most severe threats to Protected Areas around the globe is invasive alien species. IAS are non-indigenous species that may spread quickly and aggressively when introduced by humans to areas beyond their normal ranges and can decrease native biodiversity and cause dramatic environmental changes. In fact, IAS are widely recognised as posing threats to biological diversity second only to direct habitat loss and fragmentation, and have been implicated in the decline of endangered species worldwide.

Stop the fire ants (full video)

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SPREP

Invasion - Little Fire Ants in Hawaii (video)

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Maui Invasive Species Committee (MISC)

Stop little fire ants (60 sec video)

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SPREP

Stop little fire ants (30 sec video)

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SPREP

Stop little fire ants (80 sec video)

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SPREP

Learning about the Little Fire Ant = A'oa'o ma malamalama i le loi mumu la'ititi

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Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)

The Little Fire Ant may be small but it has a very long scientific name - Wasmannia auropunctata. It is about 1.5 mm with a light to golden brown colour. Its home is Central and South America but it has travelled far to the Pacific islands and now lives in eight of our island countries - French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Wallis and Futuna.

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