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Designing Coastal Adaptation Strategies to Tackle Sea Level Rise
Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Bongarts Lebbe, Théophile

2021
Faced with sea level rise and the intensification of extreme events, human populations living on the coasts are developing responses to address local situations. A synthesis of the literature on responses to coastal adaptation allows us to highlight different adaptation strategies. Here, we analyze these strategies according to the complexity of their implementation, both institutionally and technically. First, we distinguish two opposing paradigms – fighting against rising sea levels or adapting to new climatic conditions; and second, we observe the level of integrated management of the strategies. This typology allows a distinction between four archetypes with the most commonly associated governance modalities for each. We then underline the need for hybrid approaches and adaptation trajectories over time to take into account local socio-cultural, geographical, and climatic conditions as well as to integrate stakeholders in the design and implementation of responses. We show that dynamic and participatory policies can foster collective learning processes and enable the evolution of social values and behaviors. Finally, adaptation policies rely on knowledge and participatory engagement, multi-scalar governance, policy monitoring, and territorial solidarity. These conditions are especially relevant for densely populated areas that will be confronted with sea level rise, thus for coastal cities in particular.
Effects of Hurrican Andrew on Coastal and Interior Forests of Southern Florida: Overview and Synthesis
BRB
Available Online

Amentano, Thomas V.

,

Doren, Robert F.

,

Mullins, Troy.

,

Platt, William J.

2005
ARMENTANO. T.V.; DOREN, R.F.; PLATT, W.J., and MULLINS, T., 1995. Effects of Hurricane Andrew on coastal and interior forests of southern Florida: Overview and synthesis. Journal of Coastal Research, SI No. 21, pp. 111-144. Fort Lauderdale (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The effects of Hurrican Andrew upn the forests of south Florida as of early 1994 are summarized from studies conducted at sites located within the track of the storm as it passed across the peninsula. Updated information on the storm's track and eyewall configuration also is provided. Effects on slash pine savannas, hardwood hammocks, cypress domes and mangroves varied markedly but with some trends apparent. Severe damage and mortality of trees was greatest in mangrove forests where 59 to 85% of trees were killed, but vigorous seedling recruitment of red mangrove and sprouting of surviving black and white mangroves is now well underway. Severe effects in cypress domes was quite low, with only 4% mortality. In slash pine stands, over 80% of the trees were damaged, and mortality pattern was related to prior condition of the stands. Mortality in large, vigorous stands ranged from 17 to 24% but approached 100% in small remnant Miami rockridge pinelands located in developed eastern coastal areas. Tropical hardwood hammocks suffered extensive damage but only averaged 11.5% mortality and regrowth has been vigorous but not necessarily of the same species characterizing the pre-storm community. Overall mortality and damage increased with tree size except in hammocks where small trees were damaged or killed by limbs and crowns of larger trees. The extensive stands of exotic tree species were damaged but recovered quickly and vigorously. The potential of the expansion into hurricane-damaged habitats is one of several long-term concerns under investigation.