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Collection Island and Ocean Ecosystems
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Millennium development goals : Cook islands national report

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Government of the Cook Islands

In terms of national aggregates, the Cook Islands have already achieved two of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG's): Goal 4 on Reducing Infant Mortality and Goal 5 on Maternal Health. With the exception of Goal 7 on environmental sustainability and an additional Goal 9 on Improving Governance, the Cook Islands is capable of achieving most of the other MDG's by the year 2015.

Voices of the Least Developed countries of Asia and the Pacific : achieving the Millennium Development Goals through a global partnership

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Elsevier

UNDP

Asia-Pacific is a region of contrasts. It has some of the fastest-growing economies of the world while, at the same time, the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) continue to face persistent challenges. As a whole,the region has made significant inroads into poverty reduction with progress toward the internationally agreed Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). China and India, together accounting for nearly 40 percent of the world's population and ranking among the fastest-growing countries, account for most of this progress, along with the "tiger" economies of East and South-East Asia. Due to the tyranny of averages, the relatively poor performance of the Asia-Pacific LDCs gets overshadowed. Only a more disaggregated appraisal reveals the far more limited gains in the LDCs1. Thus, the dynamism of Asia represents both a challenge and an opportunity. It could increase inequalities that contribute to growing tensions. It also could generate resources and opportunities. Attainment of the MDGs in Asia and the Pacific as a whole will be marked by the far more limited progress made by the 14 LDCs of the region.

First draft Kiribati mid-term review/progress on implementation of the Brussels POA of LDCs (2001-2010) : "Expert group meeting, 14-16 February 2006, Phnom Penh

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Government of Kiribati

Kibarti is a small country in the central Pacific comprised of 33 low-lying atolls barely 2-3 meters high above sea level. The population of 84,494 (2000 Census) is mainly young that lives on a total land area of 810sq. km a vast ocean area of 3.5 million sq.km. The country has limited physical resources and relies heavily on fish and copra as the mainstay of the economy. Economic growth is thereby only 2-3 percent (real GDP) per annum on average driven mainly from the copra sector, construction, wholesale/retail, and government administration. Gratefully, growth is underpinned by foreign earnings and ODA from government and international financial institutions. The former comprises net factor income from abroad thaqt includes returns from the reserve fund and other foreign reserves, remittances, and fishing license fees. Government is the major provider of cash employment (2 out of every 3 employees) that contributes significantly to a relatively high level of its current budget each year. Fiscal policy is therby the major policy instrument of government as the use of the Australian currency precludes monetary policy and likewise the lack of export and other economic and geographical disadvantages prevent trade and other related policies. Given such economic and physical disadvantages and also the volatilities/vulnerabilities of some economic strengths already mentioned, Kiribati definitely cannot live and develop o its own but truly needs to be party to development at a regional and international levels.

European community : country strategy paper and national indicative programme for the period 2002-2007:|Cook islands; Federated states of Micronesia; Marshall islands; Papua New Guinea; Solomon Islands; Tuvalu;

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

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Government of Cook Islands

The purpose of the Country Strategy Paper (CSP) is to provide, on the basis of an analysis of the political, economic and social situation of the country, a response strategy for EC support under the 9th EDF. The Cook Islands is located at approximately 3,500 km north-east of New Zealand. The country consists of two groups of islands - 13 inhabited and two uninhabited - extending over 2 million km² of ocean. The North Cook Islands are atolls, the South Cook Islands are volcanic and comparatively fertile. The country has a land area of 237 km² and an Exclusive Economic Zone of 1,830,000 km². The GDP per capita in 1999 was 3,282.

Fiji national assessment report

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Government of Fiji

Fiji is an enormous archipelago with diverse landscapes and climate. More than 300 islands are scattered over 1.3 million square kilometers of the South Pacific Ocean, lying between latitudes of 12 degrees and 22 degrees South and between longitude 175 degrees East and 178 degrees West. The two largest islands are Viti Levu, where most of the population resides, and Vanua Levu to the North. Together, they comprise 87 per cent of the total land area. The islands are characterized by diverse ecosystems including significant areas of natural forest. Wide ranges of coastal and marine ecosystems exist, ranging from extensive areas of mangroves to various coral formations

National assessment report : Republic of Nauru - Ten review of the Barbados Programme of Action

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Government of Nauru

Nauru is located 41 km South of the equator at 0o 32' South latitude and 166o 56' East longitude. Its most southerly point (which is the airport runway extension in Yaren District) is mapped at 61.3 km south of the equator. Its most northerly point in Ewa district is mapped at 55.6 km south of the equator. Nauru is some 2000 km East-Northeast of Papua New Guinea, 4450 km South-Southeast of the Philippines and an equal distance to the Southwest of Hawaii. The nearest island is Banaba (Ocean Island), 300 km due East, which is part of the Republic of Kiribati. The main islands of Kiribati lie a further 400 km to the East

Overview of the Marshall islands' forest resources: country report presented at the Pacific Sub-Regional workshop on forest and tree genetic resources: "State of Forest and tree genetic resources in the Pacific islands, and sub-regional action plan for their conservation and sustainable use"

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Muller Frederick

Vander Velde Nancy

On a map, the Marshall Islands may just look like tiny specks of land scattered over the vastness of the Central Pacific Ocean, but they are beautifully unique and covered by forest. The political entity of the Republic of the Marshall Islands encompasses 29 coral atolls and 5 solitary coral islands, and is comprised of approximately 1,225 individual islands and islets. These are situated from 160 degrees to 173 degrees longitude East, and between 4 degrees and 14 degrees latitude North. Total dry land area is only about 70 square miles. However, when the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), is figured in, the Republic covers 750,000 square miles of ocean. 4,507 square miles of sea are found within the lagoons of the atolls.

Country report: Cook Islands, presented at the Pacific Sub-Regional workshop on forest and tree genetic resources "State of forest and tree genetic resources in the Pacific islands, and sub-regional action plan for their conservation and sustainable use", Apia Samoa, 12-16 April 1999

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Tangianau Otheniel

The self-governing territory of the Cook Islands consists of 15 islands and atolls that are spread over 2 million square kilometres of the South Pacific Ocean. The islands are geographically divided into two groups, commonly referred to as the Northern and Southern Group islands. The two groups of islands making up the country exhibit marked differences in their social, cultural and economic activities. The Northern Group islands remain relatively isolated from the Southern Group islands. The Cook Islands were formed by of volcanic activity and coral growth. The islands of Rarotonga, Mangaia, Atiu, Mauke and Mitiaro are the emergent peaks of extinct volcanoes. The islands of Manuae, Palmerston, Manihiki, Rakahanga, Pukapuka, Nassau and Suwarrow are atolls - coral reefs around a lagoon on the top of submerged volcanoes. Aitutaki is part volcano and part atoll.

The state of coral reef ecosystems of the Republic of the Marshall Islands : 2005 & 2008

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Beger Maria

Jacobsen Dean

Keju Terry

Pinca Silvia

The reefs of the Marshall Islands are among the most pristine in the Indo-Pacific, having suffered minimal damage from bleaching, destructive fishing techniques, and sedimentation. However, signs of unsustainable resource exploitation are apparent, including the earlier extirpation of the largest giant clams, and the ongoing reduction of reef shark, grouper, and Napoleon wrasse populations. In addition, localized outbreaks of crownof-thorns starfish (COTS) and coral disease, principally on the capital atoll of Majuro, are ongoing. Another concern is the growing, unregulated exploitation of reef fish for the local markets.

The state of coral reef ecosystems of the U.S. Pacific remote island areas : 2005 & 2008

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Brainard Rusty et al.

The U.S. Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs) are nine sovereign Federal territories that straddle the equator in the central Pacific. All are single reef ecosystems that are a part of a large central Pacific biogeographic and geological province consisting mostly of ancient low reef islands and atolls (Figure 12.1; Stoddart, 1992). Six of the PRIAs are atolls or atoll reefs: Johnston Atoll (16?N, 169?W), Palmyra Atoll (5?53?N, 162?05?W), Kingman Reef (6?25?N, 162?23?W), which constitute the three northernmost of the U.S. Line Islands; Rose Atoll (14?S, 168?W), the easternmost of the Samoan Islands; Wake Atoll (20?N, 155?W), the northernmost of the Marshall Islands; and Midway Atoll (28?N, 177?W), near the northwestern end of the Hawaiian Archipelago. The remaining three PRIAs are low reef islands within one degree latitude of the equator: Jarvis Island (00?S, 160?W), in the central U.S. Line Islands, Howland Island (00?18?S, 160?01W); and Baker Island (00?13?N, 176?38?W), the two northernmost of the U.S. Phoenix Islands. All except Wake and Johnston are National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and all fall under cojurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Interior (DOI) and the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC), except Johnston, which is managed by the U.S. Department of Defense, and Palmyra, which is under the joint jurisdiction of DOI, DOC, and The Nature Conservancy

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