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Collection Island and Ocean Ecosystems
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Toward defining the Blue Economy: Practical lessons from pacific ocean governance

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Keen, Meg R.

Schwarz, Anne-Maree

Wini-Simeon, Lysa

Governments and regional agencies of the Pacific Islands are strengthening their commitment to sustainable oceans management through proactive policies and programs. The Blue Economy concept is increasingly being invoked, yet clarity on definitions and implementation steps remain vague. This paper reviews reports, academic literature and regional speeches to develop a Blue Economy conceptual framework which is then applied to three case studies from the fisheries sector small scale fisheries, urban fish markets and onshore tuna processing. The cases illustrate an imbalance in attention paid to key components of the Blue Economy and missed opportunities for integration across scales, time and stakeholders with a few noteworthy exceptions. Issues of power, agency and gender remain weakly addressed even in the most recent initiatives. While clearly defining components of the Blue Economy provides a valuable tool for assessing coverage of key elements of sustainable ocean management, it is less obvious that the new label, Blue Economy, significantly advances practice beyond existing sustainable development frameworks. A proliferation in terms adds more complexity to an already challenging management space. Nevertheless, the conceptual framework is useful for structuring evaluations of practice, and helping to reveal missing ingredients necessary for the sustainable development of oceans.

SPC Fisheries Address Book/Répertoire de péches de la CPS

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Pacific Community (SPC)

Fisheries address book by the Division of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems & SPC

Deep sea mining: environmental issues associated with deep-sea minerals exploitation

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Clark, Dr Malcolm

Passfield, Kelvin

Interest has been growing over the last 10-15 years in exploitation of mineral resources in the deep sea. These are extensive or highly concentrated deposits typically found offshore at depths over 200m.

The Adventures of Shark Stanley & Friends

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Goldfarb, Ben

Meth, Leah

A children's story book with illustrations about protecting sharks.

Mapping Governance Gaps on the High Seas

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

The Pew Charitable Trusts

A patchwork of international bodies and treaties manage ocean resources and human activity in areas beyond any states national jurisdiction (see Table 1). However, these governance bodies vary greatly in terms of their mandate, which determines their geographic scope, their objective, the legally binding nature of decisions they adopt, and whether they regulate one or several activities. Their jurisdictions often overlap, but virtually no mechanisms exist to coordinate across geographic areas and sectors.1 Too often, this piecemeal governance approach leads to the degradation of the environment and its resources, and makes deploying management and conservation tools such as environmental impact assessments and marine protected areas (MPAs), including marine reserves, challenging both legally and logistically

The State of Biodiversity in Asia and the Pacific : a mid-term review of progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

UNEP

The Asia Pacific region is exceptionally rich in biodiversity. The tropical forests of South East Asia, the reefs of the coral triangle, the temperate forests and the large river basins found in the region are among the most unique on Earth. However, biodiversity in the Asia Pacific region is in fast decline. For example, the region recorded the worlds highest number of threatened species in 2014 and extensive coastal development and unsustainable exploitation of marine resources have resulted in the disappearance of over 40 percent of coral reefs and mangroves, leading to declines in fish stocks.

PacWaste News - Issue 6, January 2017

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

PacWaste

PacWaste News Issue 6 on Pacific Healthcare, e-waste, asbestos waste management and atoll waste management updates and latest events in the Pacific.

Protected areas for Pacific Island Communities - Managing natural resources now and for the future (Poster)

SPREP Publications, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

BIOPAMA

IUCN

Protected areas for Pacific Island Communities - Managing natural resources now and for the future (Poster)

Polymetallic Nodules

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

International Seabed Authority

Polymetallic nodules were discovered at the end of the 19th century in the Kara Sea, in the Arctic Ocean off Siberia (1868). During the scientific expeditions of the H.M.S. Challenger (187276), they were found to occur in most oceans of the world.

Technical Guidance for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammal Hearing - Underwater acoustic thresholds for onset of permanent and temporary threshold shifts

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

U.S. Department of Commerce

This document provides technical guidance for assessing the effects of underwater anthropogenic (human-made) sound on the hearing of marine mammal species under the jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and was completed in collaboration with the National Ocean Service (NOS), Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. Specifically, it identifies the received levels, or acoustic thresholds, at which individual marine mammals are predicted to experience changes in their hearing sensitivity (either temporary or permanent) for acute, incidental exposure to underwater anthropogenic sound sources. This is the first time NMFS has presented this information in a single, comprehensive document. This Technical Guidance is intended for use by NMFS analysts/managers and other relevant action proponents/stakeholders, including other federal agencies, when seeking to determine whether and how their activities are expected to result in potential impacts to marine mammal hearing via acoustic exposure. This document outlines the development of NMFS acoustic thresholds and describes how they will be updated in the future.

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