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Collection Island and Ocean Ecosystems
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Effort required to confirm eradication of an Argentine ant invasion: Tiritiri Matangi Island, New Zealand

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Green, C.

Tiritiri Matangi Island in the Hauraki Gulf, Auckland, New Zealand is a 220 ha restoration island managed by the Department of Conservation as an open sanctuary. Following eradication of the only mammalian predator, the Paci?c rat (Rattus exulans) in 1993, a variety of threatened birds, lizards and a giant invertebrate have been transferred to the island. In March 2000, Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) was discovered and delimiting surveys revealed a 10 ha infestation. Managers were concerned that the ant could have signi?cant negative impacts on invertebrates, birds and lizards. Early surveys con?rmed a dramatic decline in all other ant species within the infested area. In February 2001, an eradication programme commenced with paste baits (a.i. 0.01% ? pronil) spread manually in a 2 m × 3 m grid over the entire area. The second year employed a 1 m × 3 m spacing. A second incursion part way through the programme extended the area to 11 ha. The same toxic bait was used throughout the programme to kill residual colonies and a non-toxic version was used as a lure to intensively monitor progress. Eradication was declared in 2016. Critical parts of the programme included detection of post treatment survivors and the level of e?ort required to con?rm successful eradication. New treatment techniques were developed to kill the last small nests by placing toxic baits inside vials on the ground to prolong bait life. Such nests exhibited non-invasive behaviour, short foraging distances, and were prone to disturbance leading to foraging cessation. Bait densities and ?eld placement were critical to success. Sites with residual nests were deemed free of Argentine ant once there had been no detections over three consecutive years of ongoing monitoring. With few successful Argentine ant eradications in the world the techniques used here can inform and improve success rates for other ant eradication attempts.

Analysis of the secondary nest of the yellow-legged hornet found in the Balearic Islands reveals its high adaptability to Mediterranean isolated ecosystems

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Colomar, V.

Herrera, C.

Leza, M.M.

Marqués, A.

The yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina) was detected for the ?rst time in the north of Spain in 2010, but was not detected in Majorca, Balearic Islands until 2015 and only one secondary nest, with 10 combs, was found in the northwest of the island. During 2016, nine more nests were found in the same region. To better understand the biology of V. velutina in isolated conditions, the following objectives were proposed: (I) describe the architecture and structure of nests; (II) analyse the shape of combs and develop a new method to con?rm the circular pattern of breeding; (III) determine the colony size and (IV) determine the succession of workers and sexual individuals throughout the season. For these reasons, nests that were removed were frozen for at least 48 days until analysis. Our results show that this species has a high reproductive potential under isolated conditions. Results reveal that parameters such as weight, height, diameter, number of cells and total individual production are directly related. Moreover, each mature nest can produce up to 9,000 individuals and several hundred potential founder queens. All results inform formulation of an e?cient control or eradication programme in the Balearic Islands, as we are in the early stages of invasion and intervention is essential to eradicate V. velutina on Majorca Island.

The potential detrimental impact of the New Zealand flatworm to Scottish islands

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Boag, B.

Neilson, R.

The New Zealand ?atworm, Arthurdendyus triangulatus, is an alien invasive species in The British Isles and the Faroes. It was probably ?rst introduced after WWII and is an obligate predator of our native earthworms. It was initially considered a curiosity until observations in the 1990s in Northern Ireland found it could signi?cantly reduce earthworm numbers. In 1992, it was scheduled under the Countryside and Wildlife Act 1981 then transferred to the Wildlife and Natural Environment (Scotland) Act in 2011 which makes it an o?ence to knowingly distribute the ?atworm. A retrospective survey in Scotland showed that it was detected in botanic gardens, nurseries and garden centres in the 1960s but then spread to domestic gardens then ?nally to farms in the 1990s. Although the geographical distribution of A. triangulatus was initially con?ned to mainland Scotland it was subsequently found established on 30 Scottish Islands. Most of the islands are to the north and west of Scotland and have cool damp climates which are favoured by the New Zealand ?atworm. These islands also generally have relatively poor soils that support grassland farming systems. Evidence from both Northern Ireland and Scotland suggests anecic species of earthworm which occur predominantly in grassland, which help drainage and are a source of food for both animals and birds are at particular risk from the ?atworm. The detrimental impact of the ?atworm on soil processes and wildlife has yet to be quantitatively evaluated but unlike many other invasive species there is currently no known means of control. The precautionary principle must be therefore applied wherever possible and every opportunity taken to stop its further spread.

Guidelines on education policy for sustainable built environments.

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Booth, P

Graham, P

More people are moving to and living in cities thanever before. In many regions, demand on existingurban infrastructure, supporting eco-systems andfor new building has never been greater

Our Pacific Ocean, Our Stories: Why we should tell our stories about our Pacific ocean? - Factsheet 1.

SPREP Publications, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme.

The Pacific is the world's largest ocean, covering nearly one third of the Earth's surface...

Review of legislation, policies, strategies and plans relating to the use and management of the ocean: Tonga.

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

On 22 July 2015, Tonga's Cabinet decided to initiate a project to develop a holistic spatial plan for Tonga's ocean (Cabinet Decision 716). It was decided that the relevant ministries would collaborate to implement the marine spatial plan.

Developing a marine spatial plan: a toolkit for the Pacific.

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a practical way of spatially organising the human use of marine areas to balance the demands of human activities with the need to maintain the health of the ecosystems on which those activities depend.

Protected area targets post - 2020.

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Brooks, T M

Butchart, S H M

Langhammer P F

Marnewick, D

Vergara, S

Visconti, P

Watson, J E M

Yanosky, A

In 2010, Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 20112020, and its 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets, to catalyze national and international conservation efforts and reverse negative biodiversity trends

Marine atlas maximizing benefits for Tonga.

Environmental Monitoring and Governance, Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Tongas marine ecosystems are worth at least TOP 47 million per year, exceeding the countrys total export value. We are strongly committed to sustaining these values to build an equitable and prosperous blue economy.

Marine atlas maximising benefits for Vanuatu.

Environmental Monitoring and Governance, Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

GIZ

IUCN

SPREP

This island nation contains many marine eco-systems, from globally significant coral reefs to mangroves, seagrass areas, seamounts and deep-sea trenches supporting at least 769 fish species, including sharks and rays, as well as whales, dolphins and sea turtles.

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