Protecting 30 % of the planet for nature: costs, benefits and economic implications

Abstract

The world economic forum now ranks biodiversity loss as a top-five risk to the global economy, and the draft port 2020 Global biodiversity Framework proposes an expansion of conservation areas to 30 % of the earth's surface by 2030 (hereafter the 30% target) using protected areas (PAs) and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs)