Marine coastal ecosystems and human well-being: a synthesis report based on the findings of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

Abstract

Coastal and marine ecosystems are amongst the most productive ecosystems in the world and provide many services to human society; however, many of these ecosystems have become degraded. Food provisioning in the form of fisheries catch is one of the most important services derived from coastal and marine ecosystems. With more than a billion people relying on fish as their main or sole source of animal protein, fisheries in developing countries are a particularly important source of protein. Fisheries and fish products provide direct employment to 38 million people, with a further 162 million people indirectly involved in the fisheries industry (FAO 2004). The state of industrial fisheries is of concern as many people depend on their existence for food and employment, with many fisheries being overexploited. Aquaculture is the fastest growing food producing sector, accounting for 30% of total fish consumption.