Introduction to coral reef ecosystems, threats, and solutions

Abstract

Coral reefs are one of the most spectacular and valuable ecosystems on the planet — and one of the most threatened. Climate change, coastal development and tourism, destructive fishing, and other human activities are endangering their very existence. At the current rate of destruction, more than one-third of the world’s coral reefs will be destroyed within our lifetime. This will mean devastating losses in biological diversity, shoreline protection, income, food, and scientific discoveries. However bad the outlook may seem, there is still hope for coral reefs. With increased education comes an increased appreciation and understanding of the immense value of coral reefs. This has led to exciting initiatives and conservation projects in countries throughout the world. Coral reef protected areas are being established worldwide and are considered one of the best tools for reef protection.