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… and security issues. Its activities aim to be conflict and gender sensitive, and contribute to improved livelihoods at …

The Convention on Biological Diversity has been adopted by many countries, resulting in the development of national biodiversity strategies. This illustrates the international recognition of the importance of protecting ecosystems. However, ecosystems still face many threats, some of them growing and spreading so rapidly as to cause irreversible deterioration in many countries and areas. The Biodiversity Synthesis Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment show many undersireable phenomena such as loss of forest, conversion of terrestrial biomes, extinction of species and so on. This report also describes various ecosystem services, and explains how their changes have affected humans. Furthermore, it proposes international actions to achieve sustainability for future generations.