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Chemicals of Concern in Plastic toys
Waste Management and Pollution Control
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Aurisano, Nicolò

,

Fantke, Peter

,

Huang, Lei

,

Jolliet, Olivier

,

Milà i Canals, Llorenç

2020
We present a list of Chemicals of Concern (CoCs) in plastic toys. We started from available studies reporting chemical composition of toys to group plastic materials, as well as to gather mass fractions and function of chemicals in these materials. Chemical emissions from plastic toys and subsequent human exposures were then estimated using a series of models and a coupled near-field and far-field exposure assessment framework. Comparing human doses with reference doses shows high Hazard Quotients of up to 387 and cancer risk calculated using cancer slope factors of up to 0.0005. Plasticizers in soft plastic materials show the highest risk, with 31 out of the 126 chemicals identified as CoCs, with sum of Hazard Quotients > 1 or child cancer risk > 10􀀀 6. Our results indicate that a relevant amount of chemicals used in plastic toy materials may pose a non-negligible health risk to children, calling for more refined investigations and more human- and eco-friendly alternatives. The 126 chemicals identified as CoCs were compared with other existing regulatory prioritization lists. While some of our chemicals appear in other lists, we also identified additional priority chemicals that are not yet covered elsewhere and thus require further attention. We finally derive for all considered chemicals the maximum Acceptable Chemical Content (ACC) in the grouped toy plastic materials as powerful green chemistry tool to check whether chemical alternatives could create substantial risks.
Report of the Fourteenth (14th) and final meeting of the Regional Meteorological Services Directors (RMSD) and the First (1st) Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC-1), 8–12 August 2011, Majuro, Marshall Islands
Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)

2012
The Regional Meteorological Services Directors (RMSD) Meeting convened for its 14th session at the International Conference Centre in Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands from 9–12th August 2011. It was preceded by a Pacific Regional Meteorological Services Directors Workshop in Support of Climate Adaptation Planning in the Pacific Islands on 8th August. The objectives of the meeting were for participants to formulate and establish a clear understanding of the Pacific Meteorological Council (PMC), the Pacific Desk Partnership concept (since renamed as the Pacific Meteorological Desk Partnership, PMDP), and the Pacific Meteorological Strategic Plan (PMSP) (2012– 2015). A total of 54 participants attended the meeting. Primarily the participants were Meteorological Service Directors and representatives from American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, United States of America and Vanuatu. Representatives of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, SPREP, SPC, WMO, UNESCO-IOC, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, University of Oklahoma, Pacific ENSO Applications Climate (PEAC) Centre (co-located at the University of Hawaii and the University of Guam) were also present