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Seabird Diversity and Biomass Enhance Cross-Ecosystem Nutrient Subsidies
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Benkwitt, C.E

,

Carr, P

,

Graham, N.A.J

,

Wilson, S.K

2022
Seabird biomass was particularly important for terrestrial and near-shore subsidies and enhancing fish biomass, while seabird diversity was associated with nutrient subsidies further offshore. The positive effects of diversity were likely driven by high functional complementarity among seabird species in traits related to nutrient storage and provisioning. However, introduced rats and non-native vegetation reduced seabird biomass and diversity, with rats having a stronger effect on biomass and vegetation having a stronger effect on diversity.
InvaCost, a Public Database of the Economic Costs of Biological Invasions Worldwide
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Assailly, C.

,

Courchamp, F.

,

Diagne, C.

,

Gozlan, R. E.

,

Jarić, I.

,

Jourdain, F.

,

Leroy, B.

,

Nuninger, L.

,

Roiz, D.

,

Vaissière, A.-C.

2020
Biological invasions are responsible for tremendous impacts globally, including huge economic losses and management expenditures. Efficiently mitigating this major driver of global change requires the improvement of public awareness and policy regarding its substantial impacts on our socio-ecosystems. One option to contribute to this overall objective is to inform people on the economic costs linked to these impacts; however, until now, a reliable synthesis of invasion costs has never been produced at a global scale. Here, we introduce InvaCost as the most up-to-date, comprehensive, harmonised and robust compilation and description of economic cost estimates associated with biological invasions worldwide. We have developed a systematic, standardised methodology to collect information from peer-reviewed articles and grey literature, while ensuring data validity and method repeatability for further transparent inputs. Our manuscript presents the methodology and tools used to build and populate this living and publicly available database. InvaCost provides an essential basis (2419 cost estimates currently compiled) for worldwide research, management efforts and, ultimately, for datadriven and evidence-based policymaking.
Global Economic Costs of Aquatic Invasive Alien Species
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Ahmed, Danish A.

,

Angulo, Elena

,

Briski, Elizabeta

,

Capinha, César

,

Catford, Jane A.

,

Cuthbert, Ross N.

,

Dalu, Tatenda

,

Diagne, Christophe

,

Essl, Franz

,

Gozlan, Rodolphe E.

,

Leroy, Boris

,

Pattison, Zarah

,

Taylor, Nigel G.

,

Verbrugge, Laura

2021
Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns and trends in economic costs of aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution of these costs across taxa, geographic regions, and cost types; (ii) the temporal dynamics of global costs; and (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on the costs recorded from the existing literature, the global cost of aquatic IAS conservatively summed to US$345 billion, with the majority attributed to invertebrates (62%), followed by vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest costs were reported in North America (48%) and Asia (13%) and were principally a result of resource damages (74%); only 6% of recorded costs were from management. The magnitude and number of reported costs were highest in the United States of America and for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries and known aquatic alien species had no reported costs, especially in Africa and Asia. Accordingly, a network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate cost reporting. Aquatic IAS costs have increased in recent decades by several orders of magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion in 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented compared to terrestrial IAS; only 5% of reported costs were from aquatic species, despite 26% of known invaders being aquatic. Additionally, only 1% of aquatic invasion costs were from marine species. Costs of aquatic IAS are thus substantial, but likely underreported. Costs have increased over time and are expected to continue rising with future invasions. We urge increased and improved cost reporting by managers, practitioners and researchers to reduce knowledge gaps. Few costs are proactive investments; increased management spending is urgently needed to prevent and limit current and future aquatic IAS damages.
SPREP Webinar series | Rats, Reefs and Resilience (full session)
SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Pacific Regional Invasive Species Management Support Service (PRISMSS)

2021
The Battler Lounge webinar series talks about the link between rats, seabirds, ecosystems and reef resilience in the Pacific.
Biological Invasion Costs Reveal Insufficient Proactive Management Worldwide
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Andrew M. Kramer

,

Anna Turbelin

,

Christophe Diagne

,

Céline Albert

,

Danish A. Ahmed

,

Elizabeta Briski

,

Emma J. Hudgins

,

Franck Courchamp

,

Franz Essl

,

Melina Kourantidou

,

Natalia Kirichenko

,

Phillip J. Haubrock

,

Rodolphe E. Gozlan

,

Ross N. Cuthbert

,

Thomas W. Bodey

2022
The global increase in biological invasions is placing growing pressure on the management of ecological and economic systems. However, the effectiveness of current management expenditure is difficult to assess due to a lack of standardised measurement across spatial, taxonomic and temporal scales. Furthermore, there is no quantification of the spending difference between pre-invasion (e.g. prevention) and post-invasion (e.g. control) stages, although preventative measures are considered to be the most cost-effective. Here, we use a comprehensive database of invasive alien species economic costs (InvaCost) to synthesise and model the global management costs of biological invasions, in order to provide a better understanding of the stage at which these expenditures occur.
Biodiversity increases ecosystem functions despite multiple stressors on coral reefs.
BRB

Benkwitt, C E.

,

Graham, NAJ

,

Wilson, S K.

2020
Positive relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) highlight the importance of conserving biodiversity to maintain key ecosystem functions and associated services. Although natural systems are rapidly losing biodiversity due to numerous of human-caused stressors, our understanding of how multiple stressors influence the BEF relationships comes largely from small experimental studies.
Control of the ladder snake (Rhinechis scalaris) on Formentera using experimental live-traps
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Colomar, V.

,

Fernández, M.J.

,

Moreno, J.E.

,

Pico, G.

2019
The ladder snake (Rhinechis scalaris) is a recent alien invasive species found on Formentera (83 km2), in the Balearic Archipelago (4,492 km2). It has been introduced in the last decade as cargo stowaway hidden within ornamental olive trees from the Iberian Peninsula, causing negative impacts on native fauna. This paper describes the methodology used to reduce the ladder snake population as a fi rst attempt since it was detected in 2006. For this purpose, an experimental live-trap was designed by the wildlife management team of the Consorci per a la Recuperació de la Fauna de les Illes Balears (COFIB) during the 2016 campaign. As a result, 314 R. scalaris were trapped in an area of 472 ha, achieving an effi ciency of up to 0.167 captures per trap and night, and 0.040 captures per unit eff ort on average. This outcome encourages the use of the live-trap as a cost-eff ective method for reducing the snake population in Formentera. Nonetheless, this method should be considered a starting point toward R. scalaris control.
Modelling invasive plant alien species richness in Tenerife (Canary Islands) using Bayesian Generalised Linear Spatial Models
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Arévalo, J. R.

,

Bacaro, G.

,

Da Re, D.

,

Fernàndez-Palacios, J. M.

,

Negrín-Pérez, Z.

,

Otto, R.

,

Rocchini, D.

,

Tordoni, E.

2019
Biological invasions are one of the major threats to biodiversity, especially on islands where the number of endemic species is the highest despite their small area. In the Canary Islands, the relationships among invasive alien species (hereafter IAS) and their environmental and anthropogenic determinants have been thoroughly described but robust provisional models integrating species spatial autocorrelation and patterns of IAS communities are still lacking. In this study, we developed a Generalised Linear Spatial Model for Invasive Alien Species Richness (IASR) under a Bayesian framework, using a methodological approach that encompass GIS and geostatistical analysis. In this study, we hypothesised that the inclusion of spatial autocorrelation can improve model performance thus obtaining more IASR-reliable predictions. In addition, this method provides uncertainty maps that prioritize areas where further sampling e?orts are needed. Our model showed that IASR in Tenerife is mainly driven by a combination of anthropogenic and natural processes, highlighting favourable conditions for IAS from the coastline to about 800 m a.s.l., especially on the windward humid aspect. Among anthropogenic factors, a clear positive relationship between road kernel density estimation and IASR was found. Indeed, road density has recently increased especially in low to mid altitudinal zones on the Canary Islands, strictly associated with urban expansion and it has been widely demonstrated to be one of the main IAS pathways. Hence, higher road density can be related to increased ‘propagule pressure’ which is, together with source of disturbance, one of the most important factors explaining richness in alien species invasion success. Our main conclusions highlight the importance of considering spatial autocorrelation and researchers’ prior knowledge to increase the predictive power of statistical models. From a practical perspective, these models and their related uncertainty, will serve as important management tools highlighting those portions of territories that will be more prone to biological invasions and where monitoring e? orts should be directed.
Analysis of the secondary nest of the yellow-legged hornet found in the Balearic Islands reveals its high adaptability to Mediterranean isolated ecosystems
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Colomar, V.

,

Herrera, C.

,

Leza, M.M.

,

Marqués, A.

2019
The yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina) was detected for the ?rst time in the north of Spain in 2010, but was not detected in Majorca, Balearic Islands until 2015 and only one secondary nest, with 10 combs, was found in the northwest of the island. During 2016, nine more nests were found in the same region. To better understand the biology of V. velutina in isolated conditions, the following objectives were proposed: (I) describe the architecture and structure of nests; (II) analyse the shape of combs and develop a new method to con?rm the circular pattern of breeding; (III) determine the colony size and (IV) determine the succession of workers and sexual individuals throughout the season. For these reasons, nests that were removed were frozen for at least 48 days until analysis. Our results show that this species has a high reproductive potential under isolated conditions. Results reveal that parameters such as weight, height, diameter, number of cells and total individual production are directly related. Moreover, each mature nest can produce up to 9,000 individuals and several hundred potential founder queens. All results inform formulation of an e?cient control or eradication programme in the Balearic Islands, as we are in the early stages of invasion and intervention is essential to eradicate V. velutina on Majorca Island.

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