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Your Rubbish is Everyone's Rubbish

SPREP Publications, Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

By 2050, scientists predict there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish. Plastic pollution is a global problem that everyone can help to solve. Heed the call from our children and be part of a collection to beat plastic pollution.

Protecting Seagrass through Payments for Ecosystem Services: A Community Guide

Environmental Monitoring and Governance, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Seagrasses are an important of many coastal ecosystems worldwide. They are flowering plants, or angiosperms and grow as meadows in subtidal and intertidal zone in tropical, subtropical and temperate seas.

PLP-ESS Module 8: Community and Occupational Health and Safety

Environmental Monitoring and Governance

Available Online

Davey, Rosie

Staelens, Nathalie

Safety saves sickness, suffering and sadness. Promote safety and health at work. Promote fair treatment, non-discrimination and equal opportunity of project workers.

Participation, not enalties: Community Involvement and Equitable Governance Contribute to more Effective Multiuse Protected areas

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Ahamdia,Gabby N

Cox, Courtney

Fidler, Robert Y.

et al

Accelerating ecosystem degradation has spurred proposals ti vastly expand the extent of protected areas (PCs), potentially affecting the livelihoods and well-being of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) worldwide.

Contemporary Rāhui: Placing Indigenous, Conservation, and Sustainability Sciences in Community-led Conservation

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Bambridge, Tamatoa

Claudet, Joachim

Fabre, Pauline

Mawyer, Alexander

Sterling, Eleanor

Resource sustainability requires and recognising and developing pathways to integrate local and indigenous knowledge alongside conservation and sustainability sciences within management practices and governance. However, knowledge never occurs in a vacuum, and is always mediated by the beliefs, values or stances towards its possession or use within particular contexts.

Climate change and community resilience in Samoa

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Binns, Tony

Latai‐Niusulu, Anita

Nel, Etienne

Being resilent in the face of climate change seems especially important for island societies, which face the effects of rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, changing wind patterns and sea level rise. To date, most studies of adaptation and resilience among Pacific island communities have used indicators and methods rooted in Western science and neo-classical economics. These have been criticized as being locally irrelevant and inadequate to appreciate the dynamic nature and social structures of island communities and their capacity to adapt. This paper challenges the paradigm that defines resilience as a return to equilibrium, by using a non-equilibrium, cultural ecological lens. The non-equilibrium view of resilience sees the social systems of island nations as highly dynamic and undergoing persistent adaptation in the face of changing environmental factors. Field-based research undertaken in eight villages in Samoa found that , through constant exposure to environmental change over extended periods of time, communities have become resilient and are in a position to adapt to future changes. In developing future policy in relation to climate change, Pacific island government need to develop a more nuanced understanding of islanders' perceptions and historical actions in the context of both their physical locations and their dynamic socio-cultural systems

Achieving large scale, long-term invasive American mink control in northern Scotland despite short term funding

Available Online

Horrill, J.

Lambin, X.

Raynor, R.

The American mink (Neovison vison) has invaded most of the United Kingdom following escapes from furfarms over decades. Its escalating impact on riparian and coastal biodiversity, including seabirds and water voles, is well documented. Starting in north-east Scotland in 2004, long-term, multi-institution mink control efforts have harnessed the enthusiasm of volunteer conservationists to push back the mink invasion over a vast area. Rather than the outcome of a single project with secured long-term funding, this achievement resulted from four successive joined up projects each with short-term funding. The beginnings of the project (20042006), under the auspices of the north-east Scotland Biodiversity Partnership were small scale (30 km2) and centred upon a lowland remnant water vole meta-population. Mink control efforts were scaled-up to 6,000 km2 of mostly marginal mink habitat as part of the Cairngorms Water Vole Conservation Project (20062009) centred on the newly established Cairngorms National Park. The project, led by the University of Aberdeen, was funded by a charity, a UK Research council and Scottish Natural Heritage and involved the national park authority, and three local fisheries trusts. The approach was to deploy a rolling carpet of mink control based on the use of mink rafts operated by volunteers and that facilitated mink detection and removal. Substantial funding was then secured for a successor project, the Scottish Mink Initiative (20102014) involving, all previous partners plus 14 local fisheries trusts coordinated by the Rivers and Fisheries Trusts of Scotland. Mink were pushed back over a vast area (29,000 km2) and their spread in coastal areas of north-west Scotland was countered. After a period with minimal bridge funding, coordinated mink control efforts resumed, thanks to the newly funded Scottish Invasive Species Initiative (20172021) seeking to extend the approach used with mink to other riparian invasives. Mink remain scarce or absent and water voles are recovering spectacularly. Coordinated mink control delivered tangible conservation benefits and improved understanding of the socio-ecological system despite the challenges of short-term funding.

Scaling down (cliffs) to meet the challenge: the Shiants black rat eradication

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Bambini, L.

Bell, E.

Campbell, G.

Churchyard, T.

Douse, A.

Floyd, K.

Ibbotson, J.

Main, C.E.

Nicolson, T.

Reid, R.

Taylor, P.R.

Tayton, J.

Varnham, K.

Whittington, W.

A successful ground-based eradication of black rats (Rattus rattus) was undertaken on the remote, uninhabited Shiant Isles of north-west Scotland over winter (14 October28 March) 201516. The rat eradication was carried out as part of the Shiants Seabird Recovery Project, which aims to secure long-term breeding habitat for protected seabirds and to attract European storm petrels and Manx shearwaters to nest on the Shiants. Throughout the eradication operation, teams were stationed on two of the three main Shiant islands (Eilean an Tighe, Eilean Mhuire), with access to the third (Garbh Eilean) via a boulder causeway from Eilean an Tighe. Bait (Contrac® blocks containing the anticoagulant bromadiolone 0.005% w/w), was deployed in a grid of 1,183 bait stations covering all areas of the islands and sea stacks. Bait stations were set 50 m apart, with intervals reduced to 25 m in coastal areas of predicted high rat density. Difficult areas were accessed by boat and cliff s of ~120 m in height were accessed by abseiling down ropes made safe using either bolted anchors or ground stakes. The team of staff and volunteers worked through difficult conditions, deploying bait and monitoring intensively for any surviving rats using a combination of tools. The islands were declared rat free in March 2018. This ambitious and challenging project has greatly enhanced UK capacity in rodent eradications for the purposes of conservation.

Containment of invasive grey squirrels in Scotland: meeting the challenge

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Bryce, J.

Tonkin, M.

Saving Scotlands Red Squirrels (SSRS), launched in 2009, is a project to stop the decline of core populations of Scotlands native red squirrel. It is a partnership project between Scottish Wildlife Trust, Scottish Natural Heritage, Forestry Commission Scotland, RSPB Scotland, Scottish Land & Estates and the Red Squirrel Survival Trust. The aim is the containment of the invasive non-native grey squirrel, which poses a dual threat to red squirrels through competition and disease transmission. Grey squirrels have replaced red squirrels over much of their former range in England, Wales, Ireland and central Scotland. SSRS controls grey squirrels at a landscape-scale in three strategically selected zones: in north-east Scotland, where the aim is eradication of an isolated grey squirrel population; coast to coast along the Highland Boundary Fault the aim is to prevent northwards incursion of grey squirrels into the Scottish Highlands and Argyll, where red squirrel is still the only species; and in southern Scotland, the aim is now to prevent replacement of priority red squirrel populations by focussing control in areas identifi ed as having the best prospects for the long-term maintenance of red squirrel populations. Control methods involve live cage-trapping combined with humane dispatch. The control network comprises SSRS and Forestry Commission controllers, private landowners supported by EU/government funding and a large number of individual volunteers. The work is dependent on wide public acceptance and active volunteer support. To date SSRS has been successful at signifi cantly reducing grey squirrel geographic range and occupancy in NE Scotland and as well as reducing the incidence of grey squirrels north of the Highland Line to no more than the occasional occurrence. In southern Scotland grey squirrel control has contributed to the maintenance of red squirrel populations despite the continued spread of squirrelpox in grey squirrels. The major challenge now is sustaining the level of grey squirrel control needed to secure Scotlands red squirrel populations in the long term. A new project phase started in 2017, focused on building community action networks until such a time as alternatives means of controlling grey squirrel numbers and disease impacts become widely available.

Lessons on effectiveness and long-term prevention from broad-scale control of invasive alien species in Scotlands rivers and lochs

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Horrill, J.C.

Oliver, M.K.

Stubbs Partridge, J.

Prior to 2008 there were few invasive alien species (IAS) initiatives operating in Scotland on a scale required for e?ective control. The establishment of the Biosecurity and Invasive Non-Native Species Programme by the Rivers and Fisheries Trusts of Scotland was the ?rst attempt to link local e?orts with national IAS strategy on scales appropriate to the e?ective control of target species. The programme worked with 26 local ?sheries trusts to produce biosecurity plans that covered over 90% of Scotlands rivers and lochs. The programme implemented a range of prevention measures, including promoting awareness of invasive species issues and the need for biosecurity among water users. Projects were established for invasive plants on most major river systems, and for American mink (Neovison vison) in the north of Scotland. These projects involved public/private partnerships, using a mix of professional sta? and volunteers. Interactive data management systems were developed to manage input from a large number of individuals and to inform an adaptive management approach. These control projects demonstrated that it is feasible to reduce the size and density of target populations of invasive species across large geographic areas. The key to maintaining the momentum of this control e?ort in the future will be to demonstrate sustainable IAS management in the longer term. This challenge led to the formulation of the Scottish Invasive Species Initiative (SISI) whose overall aim is the development of a long-term, cost-e?ective strategy for IAS management throughout the north of Scotland. SISI will test strategies derived from experience and information from previous control projects. Important areas that the initiative will seek to address include de?ning outcomes, integrating IAS management into other management initiatives, and maintaining partnership interest and cohesiveness in a challenging funding environment.

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