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Samoa 2040: Transforming Samoa to a higher growth path
Environmental Monitoring and Governance, Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online
2021
Samoa 2040 sets Samoa's agenda for economic growth and development over the next 20 years. It identifies a set of potentially transformational opportunities that have the potential to boost incomes, employment and standards of living in Samoa over the longer-term. The Samoa 2040 approach suggests that reform and investment efforts need to be carefully targeted at unlocking opportunities for income growth that have the highest potential given Samoa's unique circumstances. These opportunities lie in four broad focus areas: tourism agriculture and fishing the development of a digital economy and labour mobility. By providing a roadmap to take advantage of these opportunities which will raise economic growth create employment opportunities and generate government revenues - Samoa 2040 aims to ensure that all Samoans have the means and opportunity to pursue a better life and that no one is left behind.
Control of house mice preying on adult albatrosses at Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Duhr,M.

,

Flanders, B.

,

Flint, E.N.

,

Howald, G.

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Hunter, S.A.

,

Norwood, D.

,

Taylor, R.V.

2019
Sand Island, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (MANWR), is home to 21% of all nesting black-footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) and 47% of all nesting Laysan albatross (P. immutabilis) worldwide. During the 2015–2016 nesting season predation and disturbance by non-native house mice (Mus musculus), here documented for the first time, resulted in 70 abandoned nests, 42 adult birds killed and 480 wounded. In the following nesting season the affected area increased, resulting in 242 dead adults, 1,218 injured birds and 994 abandoned nests. Mouse predation activities triggered a mouse control response to reduce mouse densities in the affected areas using multi-catch live traps, kill traps, and limited use of anticoagulant rodenticides in bait stations. In 2016–2017 we applied a pelleted cholecalciferol rodenticide, AGRID (Bell Laboratories, Madison, WI), at a rate of 20 kg/ha in all affected areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using AGRID to reduce mouse density and rate of mouse attacks on nesting albatrosses on Sand Island. Mouse attacks decreased and mouse abundance was reduced following rodenticide applications in the plots treated in December but changes in attack rates in the plots treated in January were not detectable and mouse abundance increased subsequent to treatment. The plots in the December treatments were much larger than those used in January and rainfall rate increased after December. A minimum size of treatment area may be necessary to achieve a reduction in injury rates in albatrosses. No deleterious effects were observed in non-target organisms. The casualties resulting from mouse predation (mostly Laysan albatross) represent a small proportion of the 360,000 pairs nesting on Sand Island. However, the risk to adult breeding albatrosses representing such a large fraction of the global population prompted the United States Fish & Wildlife Service to prioritise mouse control efforts.
The Economics of Climate Change : the Stern review / [study conducted by] Nicholas Stern.
Climate Change Resilience

Stern, Nicholas

2007
Climate change-- our approach: The science of climate change : scale of the environment challenge ; Economics, ethics and climate change ; Ethical frameworks and intertemporal equity -- Impacts of climate change on growth and development: How climate change will affect people around the world ; Implications of climate change for development ; Costs of climate change in developed countries ; Economic modelling of climate-change impacts -- The economics of stabilisation: Projecting the growth of greenhouse-gas emissions ; Climate change and the Kuznets curve ; The challenge of stabilisation ; Identifying the costs of mitigation ; Macroeconomic models of costs ; Structural change and competitiveness ; Key statistics for 123 UK production sectors ; Opportunities and wider benefits from climate policies ; Towards a goal for climate-change policy -- Policy responses for mitigation: Harnessing markets for mitigation : the role of taxation and trading ; Carbon pricing and emission markets in practice ; Accelerating technological innovation ; Beyond carbon markets and technology -- Policy responses for adaptation: Understanding the economics of adaptation ; Adaptation in the developed world ; Adaptation in the developing world -- International collective action: Framework for understanding international collective action for climate change -- Creating a global price for carbon -- Supporting the transition to a low-carbon global economy -- Promoting effective international technology co-operation -- Reversing emissions from land use change -- International support for adaptation -- Conclusions : building and sustaining international co-operation on climate change.
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for National and International Policy Makers: summary responding to the Value of Nature
Climate Change Resilience
Available Online

ten Brink, Patrick...[et al.]

2009
Natural capital – our ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources – underpins economies, societies and individual well-being. The values of its myriad benefits are, however, often overlooked or poorly understood. They are rarely taken fully into account through economic signals in markets, or in day to day decisions by business and citizens, nor indeed reflected adequately in the accounts of society.
The economics of ecosystems & biodiversity : an interim report
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Sukhdev Pavan

2008
Nature provides human society with a vast diversity of benefits such as food, fibres, clean water, healthy soil and carbon capture and many more. Though our well-being is totally dependent upon the continued flow of these “ecosystem services”, they are predominantly public goods with no markets and no prices, so are rarely detected by our current economic compass. As a result, biodiversity is declining, our ecosystems are being continuously degraded and we, in turn, are suffering the consequences.

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