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Marine Turtle Status report for Solomon Islands 2022

SPREP Publications, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Howard, Robert.

The marine turtle states review for Solomon Islands 2022 was commissioned to inform the development of the country's 5-year National plan of Action (NPOA) - Marine Turtles 2022-2026. It provides an assessment of the literature on marine turtle conservation in Solomon Islands, collated quantitative information on nesting beaches and foraging grounds, and reviews current and future threats and legislation on turtles and enforcement of these legal instruments, The study was conducted by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) supported by SPREP, through the by-catch and Integrated Ecosystem Management (BIEM) initiative of the Pacific-European Union Marine Partnership (PEUMP) Programme funded by the European Union and the Government of Sweden.

Organics Factsheet: Windrow Composting

SPREP Publications, Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

Controlled aerobic decomposition of organic materials in windrows, turned with machinery. December 2022

Organics Factsheet: Small-scale Composting

SPREP Publications, Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

Controlled aerobic decomposition of organic materials in small piles at households and communities, turned manually. December 2022

Organics Factsheet: Animal Feed

SPREP Publications, Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

Collection and processing suitable organic materials for use as animal feed (primarily fresh food organics, particularly fruit and vegetables) December 2022.

Social Impact Assessment Guidelines for Thriving Regions and Communities

Environmental Monitoring and Governance

Available Online

These guidelines provide a practical approach to Social Impact Assessment (SIA). They are designed to help readers learn the basics about how to conduct an SIA, contribute to an SIA, use the results of an SIA, and judge if an SIA is fit for purpose. When writing the guidelines, we have assumed that readers may have little or no prior experience with SIA. The need for guidelines for SIA became apparent during our research with regional communities experiencing the social impacts of economic regeneration projects, including infrastructure, housing, irrigation, tourism and heritage conservation. During our work, we encountered many community leaders who were keen to learn how to assess the social impacts of the plans they design, how to take this information and use it to make decisions, and then, overtime, evaluate the outcomes for communities. When writing and testing the guidelines, we drew on our own professional expertise in SIA, and the experiences of potential guideline users including: community organisations, iwi members, central government agencies, local government economic development and planning professionals, infrastructure providers, sector groups, evaluation practitioners, consultancies, students, and academics. We also drew on the ideas of practitioners of SIA in conferences and training sessions1 , and other invaluable sources that are listed in the Annexes. SIA looks at the potential impacts of change proposal, focusing on who is affected, where and how, and what might be done to improve the results in the short, medium, and long-term. We expect that the guidelines will be useful for anyone proposing changes that affect people and communities, as well as those experiencing social impacts.

PacWastePlus Connection newsletter - Issue 10 2022

SPREP Publications, Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

PacWastePlus Programme

Sound waste and pollution management is an urgent priority for our Pacific Island leaders – ours here at SPREP is just to “Make it Happen.”

Predation pressures on sooty terns by cats, rats and common mynas on Ascension Island in the South Atlantic

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Dickey, R.C.

Hughes, B.J.

Reynolds, S.J.

Despite the presence of invasive black rats (Rattus rattus), common mynas (Acridotheres tristis), and feral domestic cats (Felis catus), sooty terns (Onychoprion fuscatus) breed in large numbers on Ascension Island in the tropical South Atlantic Ocean. These introduced predators impact the terns by destroying eggs or interrupting incubation (mynas), eating eggs (mynas and rats), eating chicks (rats and cats), or eating adults (cats). Between 1990 and 2015, 26 censuses of sooty terns and five of mynas were completed and myna predation was monitored on 10 occasions. Rat relative abundance indices were determined through trapping around the tern colonies and rat predation was monitored by counting chick carcasses. Cat predation was quantified by recording freshly killed terns. Prior to their eradication in 2003, cats had the greatest impact on sooty terns and were depredating 5,800 adults and 3,600 near-fledging chicks (equivalent to the loss of 71,000 eggs) each breeding season. We estimated that 26,000 sooty tern eggs (13% of all those laid) were depredated by approximately 1,000 mynas. Rats were not known to depredate sooty terns prior to cat eradication but in 2005, 131 of 596 ringed (monitored) chicks (22%) were depredated by rats. In 2009 chick carcass density was 0.16 per m2. Predation by rats hugely increased in the absence of cats and was the equivalent of 69,000 eggs. Care is needed when applying our findings to seabirds globally. The scarcity of alternative food sources and seasonally high density of easily available prey in the sooty tern colony may have magnified predation by cats, rats and mynas.

Eradication and control programmes for invasive mynas (Acridotheres spp.) and bulbuls (Pycnonotus spp.): defining best practice in managing invasive bird populations on oceanic islands

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Reynolds, S.J.

Saavedra Cruz, S.

Invasive plants and animals inflict much damage on native species and this is particularly the case on isolated oceanic islands with high degrees of endemism. Such islands commonly are important refugia for species of high conservation value. Some of the most pervasive and potent of invasive animal species are birds of the myna (Acridotheres) and bulbul (Pycnonotus) genera that historically were introduced to isolated islands as biological control agents for the management of insect pest species that can cause considerable economic damage to agricultural crops and wider ecosystems. In this paper we consider a number of successful eradication and control programmes targeting mynas and bulbuls. We review the locations and taxa where 17 such programmes took place and report that the common myna (Acridotheres tristis) has been the most heavily targeted species in eradication eff orts followed by the red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus). Common mynas were also at the focus of control programmes as were jungle mynas (Acridotheres fuscus) and red-vented bulbuls (Pycnonotus cafer). By far the most favoured method of eradication and control was trapping whereas mist-netting was employed rarely. We discuss best practice in planning and executing such eradication and control programmes on oceanic islands so as to maximise their benefits to local human communities. We outline measures that must be adopted pre-, during and post-intervention in both programme types. They include adequate resourcing, local engagement and the integration of both traditional ecological knowledge and established conservation theory.

Managing mynas (Acridotheres fuscus and A. tristis) in the Independent State of Samoa August, 2015 : a plan

Available Online

Nagle W.G

This document builds on lessons learned from 10 years of DEC-MNRE action on the myna issue, training workshops on invasive species management, a 2015 myna population transect survey (conservative estimate of total population in Samoa between 129,407 and 188,583 birds), appropriate literature and experiences in Pacific and other countries. Recommendations are made on strategies and the priority information needed to implement those strategies. Reducing the threat to the people and biodiversity of Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Sámoa from an ever-increasing population of myna (also mynah) birds (Maina fanua) - Jungle myna (Acridotheres fuscus) and Maina vao - Common (also Indian) myna (Acridotheres tristis) will require implementation of all three strategies of invasive species management; prevention, eradication, control.

Common myna predation on wedge-tailed shearwater eggs / G. Vernon Byrd

Byrd, V.

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