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  • Tags / Keywords marine protected areas
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Predation of sea turtle eggs by rats and crabs
BRB

Stokes, H., Esteban, N., Hays, G. C.

2023
Egg predation by invasive and native species may have severe impacts on endangered species and negatively affect species recovery. We assessed the levels of egg predation within green turtle (Chelonia mydas) clutches on the island of Diego Garcia (7.42°S, 72.45°E), Chagos Archipelago (Indian Ocean). Native coconut crabs (Birgus latro) and ghost crabs (Ocypode spp.), as well as introduced black rats (Rattus rattus), were predators of eggs, with these species entering nests via tunnels dug obliquely in the sand. Often whole eggs were removed from clutches. For example, the mean clutch size at oviposition (mean 127.8 eggs, n = 23, range = 74–176) was significantly larger than at the end of incubation (mean 110.9 hatched and unhatched eggs, n = 16, range = 9–147). In other cases, egg predation was recorded where the egg had been opened and contents were eaten in the nest. Overall, hatching success (the percentage of eggs laid leading to a hatchling emerging from the egg) was 64.9%, while 3.1% of eggs were predated within nests, 18.1% died during incubation without predation and 13.9% were removed. We reviewed evidence from 34 sites around the world identifying 36 predators that were either native (e.g., crabs, and goannas, n = 30) or invasive (e.g., rats, and pigs, n = 8). Depending on location, a predator could be identified as both native and invasive (e.g., dogs). We discuss how either nest protection and/or invasive predator eradication may be used to increase egg survival and when these approaches might be used.
Spillover benefits from the world’s largest fully protected MPA
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Medoff, Sarah

2022
Previous research has cast doubt on the potential for marine protected areas (MPAs) to provide refuge and fishery spillover benefits for migratory species as most MPAs are small relative to the geographic range of these species.
Evidence that spillover from Marine Protected Areas benefits the spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) fishery in southern California
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Gallagher, Jordan. P

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Hofmeister, Jennifoer. K. K

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Lenihan, Hunter S.

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Peters, Joseph. R

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Reed, Daniel. C

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Stier, Adrian. C

2021
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designed to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services. Some MPAs are also established to benefit fisheries through increased egg and larval production, or the spillover of mobile juveniles and adults
Climate Benefits from Establishing Marine Protected Areas Targeted at Blue Carbon solutions
Available Online

Jankowska, Emilia

2022
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are recognized as highly effective tools for marine conservation. They may also play an important role in mitigating climate change. A variety of climate change solutions are rooted in the ocean, centered primarily around blue carbon, and the capacity of marine life to sequester carbon dioxide.
Beyond the boundaries: How Regulation-centered Marine Protected Area Information improves Ocean Protection Assessments
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Driedger, Alex

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Gleason, Mary G.

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Sletten, Jennifer

,

et al

2020
Comprehensive, spatially explicit data that include regulatory information are essential for evaluating the level of protection that marine protected areas (MPAs) and other marine managed areas (MMAs) provide to marine life, and to inform progress towards ocean protection targets
Mismatches in Scale between highly Mobile Marine Megafauna and Marine Protected Areas
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Conners, Melinda G.

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Pierre, Agamboue D.

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Sisson, Nicholas B

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et al

2022
Marine Protected areas (MPAs), particularly large MPAs, are increasing in number and size around the globe in part to facilitate the conservation of marine megafauna.
Climate Change, Coral Reef Ecosystems, and Management Options for Marine Protected Areas
Environmental Monitoring and Governance, Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Keller, Brian D. et al

2009
Marine protected areas (MBA) provide place-based management of marine ecosystem through various degrees and types of protective actions. Habitats such as coral reefs are especially susceptible to degradation resulting from climate change, as evidenced by mass bleaching events over the past two decades. Marine ecosystems are being altered by direct effecrs of climate change including ocean warming, ocean acidification rising sea level, changing circulation patterns, increasing severity of storms, and changing freshwater influxes.
Advancing social equity and through marine conservation
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Bennett, Nathan

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Evans, Whitney Yadao

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Katz, Laura

,

et al

2021
Substantial efforts and investments are being made to increase the scale and improve the effectiveness of marine conservation globally. Though it is mandated by international law and central to conservation policy, less attention has been given to how to operationalize social equity in and through the pursuit of marine conservation. In this article, we aim to bring greater attention to this topic through reviewing how social equity can be better integrated in marine conservation policy and practice. Advancing social equity in marine conservation requires directing attention to: recognition through acknowledgment and respect for diverse peoples and perspectives; fair distribution of impacts through maximizing benefits and minimizing burdens; procedures through fostering participation in decision-making and good governance; management through championing and supporting local involvement and leadership; the environment through ensuring the efficacy of conservation actions and adequacy of management to ensure benefits to nature and people; and the structural barriers to and institutional roots of inequity in conservation
Session 2: Effective Marine Protected Marine (Video)
SPREP Publications, Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online
2020
This Action Track session will provide a brief snapshot of the current state of knowledge on marine protected areas based on recent analyses conducted for the Oceania region. It will explore the human-ecological nexus and interaction in the context of MPAs, examine how some of the issues surrounding MPA management in the region being addressed, such as Illegal Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. The session will also highlight examples of innovative sustainable financing approaches and multi-country initiatives that have inspired and catalysed action for designating and managing marine protected areas in the region.
Working with the local community to eradicate rats on an inhabited island: securing the seabird heritage of the Isles of Scilly
BRB
Available Online

Bell, E.

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Buckley, P.

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Garratt, W.

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Lock, L.

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Mason, S.

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McCarthy, R.

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Pearce, J.

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Pearson, J.

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Pierre, P.

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Sugar, K.

2019
The inhabited Isles of Scilly, 45 km off the south-western tip of the UK, are home to 13 seabird species including European storm petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus) and Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus), for which the UK has a global responsibility. Between 1983 and 2006, the overall seabird population in Scilly declined by c.25%. This decline triggered the establishment of the Isles of Scilly Seabird Recovery Project, a partnership with the aims to reverse seabird decline and engage the local community and visitors in conserving Scilly’s seabird heritage. The eradication of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from St Agnes and Gugh represented the result of over a decade of preparatory work, involving raising awareness and gaining 100% support from the community. The two islands are home to 85 people. Therefore additional, and somewhat unusual, preparations were required (including clearing sheds, communicating with school children and taking precautions to ensure the safety of pets) during the ground-based baiting operation. In 2016 St Agnes and Gugh were officially declared ‘rat-free’, meaning worldwide this is one of the largest community-based eradications to have been successful. Biosecurity on inhabited islands is complex, so to ensure the project’s sustainability, eff orts have been community-led. The community has taken ownership of protecting its seabirds, with 100% saying rat removal and the subsequent increase in seabirds has had, or will have, a positive effect on ecotourism, a key source of income for the islands. No less than 68% of the community said their businesses have directly benefited. This project represents a case study for other community-based projects, showcasing how eradications can gain community support and benefit both wildlife and human populations.

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