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  • Tags / Keywords marine protected areas
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Predation of sea turtle eggs by rats and crabs
BRB

Stokes, H., Esteban, N., Hays, G. C.

2023
Egg predation by invasive and native species may have severe impacts on endangered species and negatively affect species recovery. We assessed the levels of egg predation within green turtle (Chelonia mydas) clutches on the island of Diego Garcia (7.42°S, 72.45°E), Chagos Archipelago (Indian Ocean). Native coconut crabs (Birgus latro) and ghost crabs (Ocypode spp.), as well as introduced black rats (Rattus rattus), were predators of eggs, with these species entering nests via tunnels dug obliquely in the sand. Often whole eggs were removed from clutches. For example, the mean clutch size at oviposition (mean 127.8 eggs, n = 23, range = 74–176) was significantly larger than at the end of incubation (mean 110.9 hatched and unhatched eggs, n = 16, range = 9–147). In other cases, egg predation was recorded where the egg had been opened and contents were eaten in the nest. Overall, hatching success (the percentage of eggs laid leading to a hatchling emerging from the egg) was 64.9%, while 3.1% of eggs were predated within nests, 18.1% died during incubation without predation and 13.9% were removed. We reviewed evidence from 34 sites around the world identifying 36 predators that were either native (e.g., crabs, and goannas, n = 30) or invasive (e.g., rats, and pigs, n = 8). Depending on location, a predator could be identified as both native and invasive (e.g., dogs). We discuss how either nest protection and/or invasive predator eradication may be used to increase egg survival and when these approaches might be used.
Spillover benefits from the world’s largest fully protected MPA
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Medoff, Sarah

2022
Previous research has cast doubt on the potential for marine protected areas (MPAs) to provide refuge and fishery spillover benefits for migratory species as most MPAs are small relative to the geographic range of these species.
Evidence that spillover from Marine Protected Areas benefits the spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) fishery in southern California
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Gallagher, Jordan. P

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Hofmeister, Jennifoer. K. K

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Lenihan, Hunter S.

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Peters, Joseph. R

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Reed, Daniel. C

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Stier, Adrian. C

2021
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designed to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services. Some MPAs are also established to benefit fisheries through increased egg and larval production, or the spillover of mobile juveniles and adults
Climate Benefits from Establishing Marine Protected Areas Targeted at Blue Carbon solutions
Available Online

Jankowska, Emilia

2022
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are recognized as highly effective tools for marine conservation. They may also play an important role in mitigating climate change. A variety of climate change solutions are rooted in the ocean, centered primarily around blue carbon, and the capacity of marine life to sequester carbon dioxide.
Beyond the boundaries: How Regulation-centered Marine Protected Area Information improves Ocean Protection Assessments
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Driedger, Alex

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Gleason, Mary G.

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Sletten, Jennifer

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et al

2020
Comprehensive, spatially explicit data that include regulatory information are essential for evaluating the level of protection that marine protected areas (MPAs) and other marine managed areas (MMAs) provide to marine life, and to inform progress towards ocean protection targets
Mismatches in Scale between highly Mobile Marine Megafauna and Marine Protected Areas
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Conners, Melinda G.

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Pierre, Agamboue D.

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Sisson, Nicholas B

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et al

2022
Marine Protected areas (MPAs), particularly large MPAs, are increasing in number and size around the globe in part to facilitate the conservation of marine megafauna.
Climate Change, Coral Reef Ecosystems, and Management Options for Marine Protected Areas
Environmental Monitoring and Governance, Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Keller, Brian D. et al

2009
Marine protected areas (MBA) provide place-based management of marine ecosystem through various degrees and types of protective actions. Habitats such as coral reefs are especially susceptible to degradation resulting from climate change, as evidenced by mass bleaching events over the past two decades. Marine ecosystems are being altered by direct effecrs of climate change including ocean warming, ocean acidification rising sea level, changing circulation patterns, increasing severity of storms, and changing freshwater influxes.
Advancing social equity and through marine conservation
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Bennett, Nathan

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Evans, Whitney Yadao

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Katz, Laura

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et al

2021
Substantial efforts and investments are being made to increase the scale and improve the effectiveness of marine conservation globally. Though it is mandated by international law and central to conservation policy, less attention has been given to how to operationalize social equity in and through the pursuit of marine conservation. In this article, we aim to bring greater attention to this topic through reviewing how social equity can be better integrated in marine conservation policy and practice. Advancing social equity in marine conservation requires directing attention to: recognition through acknowledgment and respect for diverse peoples and perspectives; fair distribution of impacts through maximizing benefits and minimizing burdens; procedures through fostering participation in decision-making and good governance; management through championing and supporting local involvement and leadership; the environment through ensuring the efficacy of conservation actions and adequacy of management to ensure benefits to nature and people; and the structural barriers to and institutional roots of inequity in conservation
Session 2: Effective Marine Protected Marine (Video)
SPREP Publications, Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online
2020
This Action Track session will provide a brief snapshot of the current state of knowledge on marine protected areas based on recent analyses conducted for the Oceania region. It will explore the human-ecological nexus and interaction in the context of MPAs, examine how some of the issues surrounding MPA management in the region being addressed, such as Illegal Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. The session will also highlight examples of innovative sustainable financing approaches and multi-country initiatives that have inspired and catalysed action for designating and managing marine protected areas in the region.
Achieving large scale, long-term invasive American mink control in northern Scotland despite short term funding
Available Online

Horrill, J.

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Lambin, X.

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Raynor, R.

2019
The American mink (Neovison vison) has invaded most of the United Kingdom following escapes from furfarms over decades. Its escalating impact on riparian and coastal biodiversity, including seabirds and water voles, is well documented. Starting in north-east Scotland in 2004, long-term, multi-institution mink control efforts have harnessed the enthusiasm of volunteer conservationists to push back the mink invasion over a vast area. Rather than the outcome of a single project with secured long-term funding, this achievement resulted from four successive joined up projects each with short-term funding. The beginnings of the project (2004–2006), under the auspices of the north-east Scotland Biodiversity Partnership were small scale (30 km2) and centred upon a lowland remnant water vole meta-population. Mink control efforts were scaled-up to 6,000 km2 of mostly marginal mink habitat as part of the Cairngorms Water Vole Conservation Project (2006–2009) centred on the newly established Cairngorms National Park. The project, led by the University of Aberdeen, was funded by a charity, a UK Research council and Scottish Natural Heritage and involved the national park authority, and three local fisheries trusts. The approach was to deploy a “rolling carpet” of mink control based on the use of mink rafts operated by volunteers and that facilitated mink detection and removal. Substantial funding was then secured for a successor project, the Scottish Mink Initiative (2010–2014) involving, all previous partners plus 14 local fisheries trusts coordinated by the Rivers and Fisheries Trusts of Scotland. Mink were pushed back over a vast area (29,000 km2) and their spread in coastal areas of north-west Scotland was countered. After a period with minimal bridge funding, coordinated mink control efforts resumed, thanks to the newly funded Scottish Invasive Species Initiative (2017–2021) seeking to extend the approach used with mink to other riparian invasives. Mink remain scarce or absent and water voles are recovering spectacularly. Coordinated mink control delivered tangible conservation benefits and improved understanding of the socio-ecological system despite the challenges of short-term funding.

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