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UNEP Guidance - Risk Reduction Tools for Chemical Control
Climate Change Resilience
Available Online
2022
Tens of thousands of chemicals exist in commercial products and processes many of which have hazardous properties. Risk reduction measure aim to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of these hazardous chemicals.
ACP MEAs Monthly Information Digest: Vol 2, Issue 4. April 2022
SPREP Publications, Environmental Monitoring and Governance
Available Online
2022
The key highlights of this month issue include: - Outcome of the Geneva biodiversity conference - Blue Deal for economic recovery and sustainable growth - Roles of indigenous communities in biodiversity protection - Rise in online wildlife trade - Financing chemicals and waste management - Plastic taxes as new environmental policies - Regionalizing UNEA 5.2 plastic resolution in East Africa - Promoting the Science-Policy-Society Interface of synthetic biology - Launching ACP MEAs 3 Youth Engagement and Training Initiative in Europe
Chemicals of Concern in Plastic toys
Waste Management and Pollution Control
Available Online

Aurisano, Nicolò

,

Fantke, Peter

,

Huang, Lei

,

Jolliet, Olivier

,

Milà i Canals, Llorenç

2020
We present a list of Chemicals of Concern (CoCs) in plastic toys. We started from available studies reporting chemical composition of toys to group plastic materials, as well as to gather mass fractions and function of chemicals in these materials. Chemical emissions from plastic toys and subsequent human exposures were then estimated using a series of models and a coupled near-field and far-field exposure assessment framework. Comparing human doses with reference doses shows high Hazard Quotients of up to 387 and cancer risk calculated using cancer slope factors of up to 0.0005. Plasticizers in soft plastic materials show the highest risk, with 31 out of the 126 chemicals identified as CoCs, with sum of Hazard Quotients > 1 or child cancer risk > 10􀀀 6. Our results indicate that a relevant amount of chemicals used in plastic toy materials may pose a non-negligible health risk to children, calling for more refined investigations and more human- and eco-friendly alternatives. The 126 chemicals identified as CoCs were compared with other existing regulatory prioritization lists. While some of our chemicals appear in other lists, we also identified additional priority chemicals that are not yet covered elsewhere and thus require further attention. We finally derive for all considered chemicals the maximum Acceptable Chemical Content (ACC) in the grouped toy plastic materials as powerful green chemistry tool to check whether chemical alternatives could create substantial risks.
Chemicals, wastes and climate chagne - Interlinkages and potential for coordinated action
Climate Change Resilience, Waste Management and Pollution Control
Available Online
2021
Climate change and management of hazardous chemicals and wastes are two of the many challenges facing policy and decision makers committed to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals, as set out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
A technical assessment of the current agricultural conditions of Angaur Island Palau: with recommendations for the sustainable use of the island’s natural resources.
BRB
Available Online

Bishop, Robert V

,

McGregor, Andrew M

2011
Angaur is a 8.4 sq. km island located (654' N, 134 09' E) in the southwestern Palau Islands. The island makes up one of the Republic of Palau’s 16 states. Angaur has suffered considerable land degradation due to past phosphate mining as well as military action during WWII. Land degradation problems in recent years have been compounded by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) high tides exacerbated by a gradual increase in average sea level attributed to climate change.
Invasive alien species on islands: impacts, distribution, interactions and management
BRB
Available Online

Holmes, Nick D

,

Meyer, Jean-Yves

,

Pagad, Shyama

,

Russell, James C.

2017
Invasive alien species (IASs) on islands have broad impacts across biodiversity, agriculture, economy, health and culture, which tend to be stronger than on continents. Across small-island developing states (SIDSs), although only a small number of IASs are widely distributed, many more, including those with greatest impact, are found on only a small number of islands. Patterns of island invasion are not consistent across SIDS geographic regions, with differences attributable to correlated patterns in island biogeography and human development. We identify 15 of the most globally prevalent IASs on islands. IAS impacts on islands are exacerbated through interactions with a number of other global change threats, including over-exploitation, agricultural intensification, urban development and climate change. Biosecurity is critical in preventing IAS invasion of islands. Eradication of IASs on islands is possible at early stages of invasion, but otherwise is largely restricted to invasive mammals, or otherwise control is the only option. Future directions in IAS management and research on islands must consider IASs within a broader portfolio of threats to species, ecosystems and people’s livelihoods on islands. We advocate for stronger collaborations among island countries and territories faced with the same IASs in similar socio-ecological environments.
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer : 2006 report of the chemicals technical options committee (CTOC): 2006 assessment
Climate Change Resilience

UNEP

2006
The impact of Hurricane Frances (2004) on the invasive Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia L.) on San Salvador Island, the Bahamas
BRB
Available Online

Gamble, Douglas W.

,

Rodgers, John C.

2008
On September 2, 2004 Hurricane Frances (Category 3) passed directly over San Salvador Island, The Bahamas. This event offered the opportunity to gather baseline data regarding the impact of hurricanes on populations of the invasive Australian pine (Casuarina equisettifolia L.) in the Bahamas. Results of vegetation surveys within both forest stands and beach environments suggest that the overall impact of this hurricane was minimal. Less than 13% of forest individuals and 17% of beach individuals surveyed were damaged, and the majority of damage was restricted to just one location for both the forest and beach study sites. The most common damage type within the forest sites was “snapped” trees (8%) and this primarily occurred within trees ranging in size from 7–12 cm in diameter. Browning of the entire foliage was the most common damage type within the beach sites (9.3%) but this damage type only occurred within tree sizes less than or equal to 90 cm in height. Thus it appears that Hurricane Frances had a negligible effect on Australian pine populations as a whole on San Salvador Island and that this disturbance event will probably not limit future population expansion. It is suggested that more powerful or more frequent hurricanes would be needed to significantly affect Australian pine populations on San Salvador Island. Similar patterns in damage should be expected with comparable hurricane events on other islands in the Bahamas and for other tropical beaches in which this species has invaded.

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