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A technical assessment of the current agricultural conditions of Angaur Island Palau: with recommendations for the sustainable use of the islands natural resources.

Available Online

Bishop, Robert V

McGregor, Andrew M

Angaur is a 8.4 sq. km island located (654' N, 134 09' E) in the southwestern Palau Islands. The island makes up one of the Republic of Palaus 16 states. Angaur has suffered considerable land degradation due to past phosphate mining as well as military action during WWII. Land degradation problems in recent years have been compounded by El NiñoSouthern Oscillation (ENSO) high tides exacerbated by a gradual increase in average sea level attributed to climate change.

Invasive alien species on islands: impacts, distribution, interactions and management

Available Online

Holmes, Nick D

Meyer, Jean-Yves

Pagad, Shyama

Russell, James C.

Invasive alien species (IASs) on islands have broad impacts across biodiversity, agriculture, economy, health and culture, which tend to be stronger than on continents. Across small-island developing states (SIDSs), although only a small number of IASs are widely distributed, many more, including those with greatest impact, are found on only a small number of islands. Patterns of island invasion are not consistent across SIDS geographic regions, with differences attributable to correlated patterns in island biogeography and human development. We identify 15 of the most globally prevalent IASs on islands. IAS impacts on islands are exacerbated through interactions with a number of other global change threats, including over-exploitation, agricultural intensification, urban development and climate change. Biosecurity is critical in preventing IAS invasion of islands. Eradication of IASs on islands is possible at early stages of invasion, but otherwise is largely restricted to invasive mammals, or otherwise control is the only option. Future directions in IAS management and research on islands must consider IASs within a broader portfolio of threats to species, ecosystems and peoples livelihoods on islands. We advocate for stronger collaborations among island countries and territories faced with the same IASs in similar socio-ecological environments.

The impact of Hurricane Frances (2004) on the invasive Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia L.) on San Salvador Island, the Bahamas

Available Online

Gamble, Douglas W.

Rodgers, John C.

On September 2, 2004 Hurricane Frances (Category 3) passed directly over San Salvador Island, The Bahamas. This event offered the opportunity to gather baseline data regarding the impact of hurricanes on populations of the invasive Australian pine (Casuarina equisettifolia L.) in the Bahamas. Results of vegetation surveys within both forest stands and beach environments suggest that the overall impact of this hurricane was minimal. Less than 13% of forest individuals and 17% of beach individuals surveyed were damaged, and the majority of damage was restricted to just one location for both the forest and beach study sites. The most common damage type within the forest sites was snapped trees (8%) and this primarily occurred within trees ranging in size from 712 cm in diameter. Browning of the entire foliage was the most common damage type within the beach sites (9.3%) but this damage type only occurred within tree sizes less than or equal to 90 cm in height. Thus it appears that Hurricane Frances had a negligible effect on Australian pine populations as a whole on San Salvador Island and that this disturbance event will probably not limit future population expansion. It is suggested that more powerful or more frequent hurricanes would be needed to significantly affect Australian pine populations on San Salvador Island. Similar patterns in damage should be expected with comparable hurricane events on other islands in the Bahamas and for other tropical beaches in which this species has invaded.

LA VALORISATION SOCIO-ÉCONOMIQUE DES ESPÈCES EXOTIQUES ENVAHISSANTES établies en milieux naturels : un moyen de régulation adapté ? Première analyse et identification de points de vigilance

Available Online

IUCN

Des invasions biologiques aux conséquences multiples: Les espèces exotiques envahissantes (EEE dans la suite de louvrage) constituent lune des principales pressions sur la biodiversité à léchelle mondiale, au même titre que la destruction des habitats naturels, la surexploitation des ressources, les pollutions ou le changement climatique. Les espèces introduites, lorsquelles se révèlent envahis¬santes, provoquent des impacts multiples, directs ou indi¬rects, affectant les espèces indigènes, les habitats naturels et les services rendus par les écosystèmes, mais égale¬ment les activités économiques et la santé humaine. Partout dans le monde, à des échelles géographiques et des intensités très variables, les EEE provoquent des altérations du fonctionnement des écosystèmes et causent la régres¬sion despèces indigènes. Selon les dernières estimations de la Liste rouge des espèces menacées de lUICN, elles constituent une menace pour près dun tiers des espèces terrestres menacées de disparition et sont impliquées dans la moitié des extinctions connues (UICN France, 2015). Sur le plan économique, les conséquences négatives des invasions biologiques peuvent être très importantes (Ket¬tunen et al., 2009). Les impacts qui génèrent des coûts économiques pour divers acteurs ou la société dune manière générale sont multiples : dépréciation des rende¬ments agricoles, coûts sanitaires, coûts de régulation des invasions de ces espèces sur le terrain, coûts de restaura¬tion des milieux naturels envahis et, de manière plus diffi¬cilement quantifiable, les impacts sur les services rendus par les écosystèmes. Sur le plan sanitaire, de nombreuses espèces introduites constituent de plus une menace pour la faune et la flore ou pour la santé humaine. Elles peuvent être allergènes, pa¬thogènes ou toxiques, ou encore constituer des réservoirs ou des vecteurs de micro-organismes et virus pathogènes.

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