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Pacific Factsheet - Projections
SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience, PCCP
Available Online
2023
Global warming will increase in the near term, with estimates of reaching 1.5° C in the early 2030s. Pacific island countries and territories (PICTs) have continually advocated to limit warming to below 1.5°C as the climate impacts beyond this level are particularly severe for Pacific islanders.
Pacific Factsheet - Key Findings
SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience, PCCP
Available Online
2023
The scientific evidence is clear: Climate change is a threat to human well-being and planetary health. There is a rapidly closing window for action to secure a liveable and sustainable future for all. We collectively have sufficient knowledge, tools and global capital available to address the challenges. The choices and actions we take now will have impacts for thousands of years.
State of the Climate in 2021
Climate Change Resilience
Available Online
2022
In 2021, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere continued ti increase. The annual global average carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration was 414.7 0.1 ppm an increase of 2.6 0.1 ppm over 2020, the fifth-highest growth rate since the start if the instrumental record in 1958.
Impacts of Marine Heatwaves on Tropical Western and Central Pacific Island Nations and their Communities
Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Holbrook, Neil J.

2021
Marine heatwaves can have devastating impacts on marine and habitats, often with flow-on effects to human communities and livelihoods. This is particular importance to Pacific Islands countries that rely heavily on coastal can ocean resources and for which projected to increase in future marine heatwave (MHW) frequency intensity and duration could be determental across the Pacific Island region.
Ocean and Climate Synergies - From Ocean Warming to Rising Sea Levels
Climate Change Resilience
Available Online

Castilo, Manuel

,

Karmel Raza Ediyan Moehammad

,

Mathew, Dayana

2022
This working paper complies major impacts of climate change on the ocean, focusing on ocean warming rising sea levels and ocean acidification. It compiles the reports and projections about ocean and climate in the Asia-Pacific region, emphasizing on extreme weather, events heatwave, coral bleaching, fish migration, degradation of the marine ecosystem and biodiversity.
Marine anoxia linked to abrupt Global Warming during Earth’s Penultimate Icehouse
Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Chen, Jitao

,

Montanez, Isabel P.

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Zhang, Shuang

,

et al

2022
Piecing together the history carbon (C) perturbation events throughout Earth's history has provided key insights into how the Earth system responds to abrupt warming.
Warming ocean threatens tuna dependent countries at the Moana Blue Pacific at COP26 (FFA and SPC)
SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience
Available Online
2021
1. Coordinated by the Pacific Community and the Forum Fisheries Agency, this event was held on 3 November at 8.30am to 9.20am, Glasgow time. The Moana Blue Pacific at COP26 is a partnership with Aotearoa New Zealand managed by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP).
Trialling gene drives to control invasive species: what, where and how?
Available Online

Alphey, L.

,

Campbell, K.

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Edgington, M.

,

Harvey-Samuel, T.

2019
The control of invasive species would be enhanced through the addition of novel, more effective and sustainable pest management methods. One control option yet to be trialled in the field is to deploy transgene-based ‘Gene Drives’: technologies which force the inheritance of a genetic construct through the gene pool of a wild population, suppressing it or replacing it with a less harmful form. There is considerable interest in applying gene drives to currently intractable invasives across a broad taxonomic range. However, not all species will make efficient or safe targets for these technologies. Additionally, the safety and efficacy of these systems will vary according to where they are deployed, the specific molecular design chosen, and how these factors interact with the ecology of the target pest. Given the transformative but also controversial nature of gene drives, it is imperative that their first field trials are able to successfully demonstrate that they can be used safely and efficiently. Here, we discuss how to maximise the probability of this outcome through considering three important questions: What types of invasive species should we use to trial gene drives? Where should we be trialling them? and How should these trials be conducted? In particular, we focus on the ecological, genetic and geographic features of small, isolated islands which make them ideal locations for these initial trials. A case study of an island invasive that is deemed highly appropriate for gene drive intervention, and for which gene drive development is currently underway (Mus musculus), is used to further explore these concepts
The impacts of introduced house mice on the breeding success of nesting seabirds on Gough Island
BRB
Available Online

Bond, Alexander L.

,

Caravaggi, Anthony

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Cooper, John

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Cuthber, Richard J.

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Ryan, Peter G.

2018
Invasive species are the main threat to island biodiversity; seabirds are particularly vulnerable and are one of the most threatened groups of birds. Gough Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the South Atlantic Ocean, is an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area, and one of the most important seabird colonies globally. Invasive House Mice Mus musculus depredate eggs and chicks of most seabird species on the island, but the extent of their impact has not been quantified. We used field data and bootstrapped normal distributions to estimate breeding success and the number of surviving chicks for 10 seabird species on Gough Island, and compared estimates with those of analogous species from predator-free islands. We examined the effects of season and nest-site location on the breeding success of populations on Gough Island, predicting that the breeding success of Gough birds would be lower than that of analogues, particularly among small burrownesting species. We also predicted that winter-breeding species would exhibit lower breeding success than summer-breeding species, because mice have fewer alternative food sources in winter; and below-ground nesters would have lower breeding success than surface nesters, as below-ground species are smaller so their chicks are easier prey for mice. We did indeed find that seabirds on Gough Island had low breeding success compared with analogues, losing an estimated 1 739 000 (1 467 000–2 116 000) eggs/ chicks annually. Seven of the 10 focal species on Gough Island had particularly high chick mortality and may have been subject to intense mouse predation. Below-ground and winter breeders had lower breeding success than surface- and summer-breeders. MacGillivray’s Prion Pachyptila macgillivrayi, Atlantic Petrel Pterodroma incerta and Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena are endemic or near-endemic to Gough Island and are likely to be driven to extinction if invasive mice are not removed.
Ocean connections - an introduction to rising risks from a warming, changing ocean.
Climate Change Resilience
Available Online

Baxter, J M

,

Laffoley, D

2018
The ocean on which Earth depends for relatively predictable weather, temperature and provisioning of goods and services is now changing more rapidly than it has for millions of years.

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