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Protect our islands with biosecurity

SPREP Publications, Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Many invasive plants are successful by producing large numbers of seeds easily transported by wind, water and animals. However invasions are started almost exclusively through the actions of people.

Early detection of potentially invasive non-native invertebrates in South Georgia

Available Online

Reid, S.

This guide is intended to be used by those working in biosecurity, with the aim of empowering the Biosecurity Officer and other government officers in South Georgia to rapidly detect nonnative species of terrestrial invertebrates caught on sticky traps. It is not intended to enable government staff to identify terrestrial invertebrates to species level, for this further assistance will be required from a relevant specialist, but it will help staff to detect and prioritise potential invasive species.

Guam invasive species management plan interim 2017-2019: interim

Available Online

The 2017-2019 Interim Guam Invasive Species Management Plan (GISMP) expresses the overarching goals and priorities of the Guam Invasive Species Council (GISC or Council). The Guam Invasive Species Act of 2011 (Public Law 31-43) established the Council as Guams lead entity in coordinating with local, regional, national, and international jurisdic¬tions in the fight against alien invasive species. Although the GISC is in its infancy stages of organization, it draws from the collective knowledge, past research, and progress of its members in establishing the Councils goals and priorities. Priorities and goals identified in this plan reflect current and near-term resources, member capabilities, and status of certain invasive species. Recommendations contained in the Regional Biosecurity Plan for Micronesia and Hawaii (RBP), the 2016-2018 National Inva¬sive Species Councils Management Plan, the Regional Invasive Species Council (RISC), and various stakeholders were considered in the development of this plan. The Council also considered developments under the purview of the Hawaii Invasive Species Council and its 2015-2020 HISC Strategic Plan.

A technical assessment of the current agricultural conditions of Angaur Island Palau: with recommendations for the sustainable use of the islands natural resources.

Available Online

Bishop, Robert V

McGregor, Andrew M

Angaur is a 8.4 sq. km island located (654' N, 134 09' E) in the southwestern Palau Islands. The island makes up one of the Republic of Palaus 16 states. Angaur has suffered considerable land degradation due to past phosphate mining as well as military action during WWII. Land degradation problems in recent years have been compounded by El NiñoSouthern Oscillation (ENSO) high tides exacerbated by a gradual increase in average sea level attributed to climate change.

Invasive alien species on islands: impacts, distribution, interactions and management

Available Online

Holmes, Nick D

Meyer, Jean-Yves

Pagad, Shyama

Russell, James C.

Invasive alien species (IASs) on islands have broad impacts across biodiversity, agriculture, economy, health and culture, which tend to be stronger than on continents. Across small-island developing states (SIDSs), although only a small number of IASs are widely distributed, many more, including those with greatest impact, are found on only a small number of islands. Patterns of island invasion are not consistent across SIDS geographic regions, with differences attributable to correlated patterns in island biogeography and human development. We identify 15 of the most globally prevalent IASs on islands. IAS impacts on islands are exacerbated through interactions with a number of other global change threats, including over-exploitation, agricultural intensification, urban development and climate change. Biosecurity is critical in preventing IAS invasion of islands. Eradication of IASs on islands is possible at early stages of invasion, but otherwise is largely restricted to invasive mammals, or otherwise control is the only option. Future directions in IAS management and research on islands must consider IASs within a broader portfolio of threats to species, ecosystems and peoples livelihoods on islands. We advocate for stronger collaborations among island countries and territories faced with the same IASs in similar socio-ecological environments.

Samoa Quarantine Improvement Project Emergency Response Plan

Available Online

URS Sustainable Development

As we experienced with the Taro Leaf Blight outbreak in the 1990s, the introduction of exotic pests or diseases into Samoa can have disasterous effects on our people and on our economy. We learned much from the Taro Leaf Blight outbreak, not the least being that it is important that we are better prepared to managed such an exotic pest incursion to prevent it spreading, and to eradicate it before it has time to become established anywhere on our islands. The Emergency Response Plan outlined in this document has been prepared as a part of the Ministry of Agriculture, Foresty, Fisheries and Meteorology's efforts to strengthen our overall biosecurity, from our border control, to our surveillance capability, and on to our ability to respond quickly in effectively eradicating an exotic pest. This Plan is a guide for us to carry out an Emergency Response, outlining the management structures and operational steps we need to take to implement a successful eradication or control programme.

Spatial Economic Analysis of Early Detection and Rapid Response Strategies for an Invasive Species

Available Online

Burnett, Kimberly

Kaiser, Brooks

Economic impacts from invasive species, conveyed as expected damages to assets from invasion and expected costs of successful prevention and/or removal, may vary significantly across spatially differentiated landscapes. We develop a spatial-dynamic model for optimal early detection and rapid-response (EDRR) policies, commonly exploited in the management of potential invaders around the world, and apply it to the case of the Brown treesnake in Oahu, Hawaii. EDRR consists of search activities beyond the ports of entry, where search (and potentially removal) efforts are targeted toward areas where credible evidence suggests the presence of an invader. EDRR costs are a spatially dependent variable related to the ease or difficulty of searching an area, while damages are assumed to be a population dependent variable. A myopic strategy in which search only occurs when and where current expected net returns are positive is attractive to managers, and, we find, significantly lowers present value losses (by $270m over 30 years). We find further that in the tradeoff between search costs and damages avoided, early and aggressive measures that search some high priority areas beyond points of entry even when current costs of search exceed current damages can save the island more ($295m over 30 years). Extensive or non-targeted search is not advised however.

On Prevention and Control of an Uncertain Biological Invasion

Available Online

Olson, Lars J.

Roy, Santanu

This paper examines how optimal prevention and control policies depend on the economic and biological characteristics of a randomly introduced biological invasion where the objective is to minimise the expected social costs from prevention, control, and invasion damages. The results characterise how optimal prevention and control policies vary with the initial invasion size, the invasion growth rate, and the probability distribution of introductions. The paper also examines the conditions under which the optimal policy relies solely on either prevention or control, the conditions under which it is optimal to completely prevent new introductions, and the conditions under which eradication of established invasions is optimal.

Emergency Response Plan on Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle - Pohnpei

Available Online

Pohnpei and their outer islands are very vulnerable to the introduction of Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (CRB) because the CRB is present in Guam, Palau, Hawaii and South Pacific. Pohnpei is located near Guam, Palau and Hawaii and there is regular traffic by air and sea. For this reason it is very important that Pohnpei has a good Emergency Response Plan (ERP) in place not only for control/eradication but also for prevention and spread to other islands. A good ERP should allow for an immediate response for the control and eradication of CRB.

Addressing shipping related marine pollution in the Pacific Islands : the invasive marine species aspect

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, Waste Management and Pollution Control, BRB

Available Online

Nawadra, Sefanaia

The Pacific islands have an extremely rich maritime heritage. The islands themselves were first populated by what are arguably the greatest mariners in human history. In pie-European times the Pacific islandersnavigated wooden canoes held together with coconut fibre across thousands of miles of open ocean, with nothing but the stars and their intimate knowledge of the sea to aid navigation. Today, this seafaring tradition is continued, with several island countries, such as Kiribati and Tuvalu, being suppliers of seamento the regional and global shipping fleet.

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