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Pacific Conversation Card Series : Lungs of Shores: Restoring Coastal Wetlands
SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience
Available Online
2022
These missing wetlands were part of our planet’s life support system, and big pressures are still facing the wetlands that remain. Mangroves, marshes, seagrasses, and coral reefs generate wealth for our communities and treasures for our cultural traditions.
Pigs Management in the French territories
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online
2020
A Breath of Fresh Air
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Foreign and Commonwealth Office

Recovery and current status of seabirds on the Baja California Pacific Islands, Mexico, following restoration actions
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Aguilar-Vargas, A.

,

Aguirre-Muñoz, A.

,

Aztorga-Ornelas, A.

,

Bedolla-Guzmán, Y.

,

Bravo-Hernández, E.

,

Corrales-Sauceda, M.

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Cárdenas-Tapia, A.

,

Fabila-Blanco, A.

,

Félix-Lizárraga, M.

,

Hernández-Montoya, J.

,

Hernández-Ríos, A.

,

Latofski-Robles, M.

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Luna-Mendoza, L.

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Méndez-Sánchez, F.

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Ortiz-Alcaraz, A.

,

Rojas-Mayoral, E.

,

Solís-Carlos, F.

,

Torres-García, F.

2019
The Baja California Pacifc Islands, Mexico, are globally important breeding sites for 22 seabird species and subspecies. In the past, several populations were extirpated or reduced due to invasive mammals, human disturbance, and contaminants. Over the past two decades, we have removed invasive predators and, for the last decade, we have been implementing a Seabird Restoration Programme on eight groups of islands: Coronado, Todos Santos, San Martín, San Jerónimo, San Benito, Natividad, San Roque, and Asunción. This programme includes monitoring; social attraction techniques; removal of invasive vegetation; reducing human disturbance; and an environmental learning and biosecurity programme. Here, we summarise historical extirpations and recolonisations during the last two decades of restoration actions, and we update the status of breeding species after more than a decade. To date, from 27 historically extirpated populations, 80% have returned since the ?rst eradication in 1995. Social attraction techniques were key in recolonisations of Cassin’s auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus), royal tern (Thalasseus maximus), and elegant tern (T. elegans). A total of 19 species breed on these islands, four more species than a decade ago, including 12 new records. The most abundant seabirds, black-vented shearwater (Puffnus opisthomelas), Cassin’s auklet, western gull (Larus occidentalis), and Brandt’s cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus), have shown a remarkable population increase. Current threats include the potential reintroduction of invasive mammals, guano mining, recreational activities, pollution, and commercial ?sheries. To maintain these conservation gains in the long-term it is necessary to continue implementing restoration actions and reinforcing protection on these important natural protected areas.
Predator-Free Rakiura. An economic appraisal.
BRB
Available Online

Morgan, Gareth

,

Simmons, Geoff

2014
This report estimates the benefits of making Rakiura and surrounding islands predator free. The proposal is to do this in two phases, starting with the Halfmoon Bay area (denoted in this report as HMB) before progressing to the rest of the island (denoted in this report as full).
Predation pressures on sooty terns by cats, rats and common mynas on Ascension Island in the South Atlantic
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Dickey, R.C.

,

Hughes, B.J.

,

Reynolds, S.J.

2019
Despite the presence of invasive black rats (Rattus rattus), common mynas (Acridotheres tristis), and feral domestic cats (Felis catus), sooty terns (Onychoprion fuscatus) breed in large numbers on Ascension Island in the tropical South Atlantic Ocean. These introduced predators impact the terns by destroying eggs or interrupting incubation (mynas), eating eggs (mynas and rats), eating chicks (rats and cats), or eating adults (cats). Between 1990 and 2015, 26 censuses of sooty terns and five of mynas were completed and myna predation was monitored on 10 occasions. Rat relative abundance indices were determined through trapping around the tern colonies and rat predation was monitored by counting chick carcasses. Cat predation was quantified by recording freshly killed terns. Prior to their eradication in 2003, cats had the greatest impact on sooty terns and were depredating 5,800 adults and 3,600 near-fledging chicks (equivalent to the loss of 71,000 eggs) each breeding season. We estimated that 26,000 sooty tern eggs (13% of all those laid) were depredated by approximately 1,000 mynas. Rats were not known to depredate sooty terns prior to cat eradication but in 2005, 131 of 596 ringed (monitored) chicks (22%) were depredated by rats. In 2009 chick carcass density was 0.16 per m2. Predation by rats hugely increased in the absence of cats and was the equivalent of 69,000 eggs. Care is needed when applying our findings to seabirds globally. The scarcity of alternative food sources and seasonally high density of easily available prey in the sooty tern colony may have magnified predation by cats, rats and mynas.
South Africa works towards eradicating introduced house mice from sub-Antarctic Marion Island: the largest island yet attempted for mice
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Beaumont, J.

,

Chauke, L.F.

,

Chown, S. L.

,

Cooper, J.

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Devanunthan, N.

,

Dilley, B.J.

,

Dopolo, M.

,

Fikizolo, L.

,

Heine, J.

,

Henderson, S.

,

Jacobs, C.A.

,

Johnson, F.

,

Kelly, J.

,

Makhado, A.B.

,

Marais, C.

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Maroga, J.

,

Mayekiso, M.

,

McClelland, G.

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Mphepya, J.

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Muir, D.N. Ngcaba, N. Ngcobo, J.P. Parkes, F. Paulsen, S. Schoombie, K. Springer, C. Stringer,H. Valentine, R.M. Wanless and P.G. Ryan

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Preston, G.R.

2019
House mice (Mus musculus) were introduced to South Africa’s sub-Antarctic Marion Island, the larger of the two Prince Edward Islands, by sealers in the early 19th century. Over the last two centuries they have greatly reduced the abundance of native invertebrates. Domestic cats (Felis catus) taken to the island in 1948 to control mice at the South African weather station soon turned feral, killing large numbers of breeding seabirds. An eradication programme finally removed cats from the island by 1991, in what is still the largest island area cleared of cats at 290 km2. Removal of the cats, coupled with the warmer and drier climate on the island over the last half century, has seen increasing densities of mice accumulating each summer. As resources run out in late summer, the mice seek alternative food sources. Marion is home to globally important seabird populations and since the early 2000s mice have resorted to attacking seabird chicks. Since 2015 c. 5% of summer-breeding albatross fledglings have been killed each year, as well as some winter-breeding petrel and albatross chicks. As a Special Nature Reserve, the Prince Edward Islands are afforded the highest degree of protection under South African environmental legislation. A recent feasibility plan suggests that mice can be eradicated using aerial baiting. The South African Department of Environmental Affairs is planning to mount an eradication attempt in the winter of 2021, following a partnership with the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds to eradicate mice on Gough Island in the winter of 2020. The eradication programme on Marion Island will be spearheaded by the South African Working for Water programme – Africa’s biggest conservation programme focusing on the control of invasive species –which is already driving eradication projects against nine other invasive species on Marion Island.
Archipelago-wide island restoration in the Galapagos Islands: Reducing costs of invaisve mammal eradication programs and reinvasion risk
BRB
Available Online

Campbell, Karl J.

,

Carrion, Victor

,

Cruz, Felipe

,

Donian, C. Josh

,

Lavoie, Christian

2011
Invasive alien mammals are the major driver of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation on islands. Over the past three decades, invasive mammal eradication from islands has become one of society's most powerful tools for preventing extinction of insular endemics and restoring insular ecosystems. As practitioners tackle larger islands for restoration, three factors will heavily influence success and outcomes: the degree of local support, the ability to mitigate for non-target impacts, and the ability to eradicate non-native species more cost-effectively. Investments in removing invasive species, however, must be weighed against the risk of reintroduction. One way to reduce reintroduction risks is to eradicate the target invasive species from an entire archipelago, and thus eliminate readily available sources. We illustrate the costs and benefits of this approach with the efforts to remove invasive goats from the Galápagos Islands. Project Isabela, the world's largest island restoration effort to date, removed > 140,000 goats from > 500,000 ha for a cost of US$10.5 million. Leveraging the capacity built during Project Isabela, and given that goat reintroductions have been common over the past decade, we implemented an archipelago-wide goat eradication strategy. Feral goats remain on three islands in the archipelago, and removal efforts are underway. Efforts on the Galápagos Islands demonstrate that for some species, island size is no longer the limiting factor with respect to eradication. Rather, bureaucratic processes, financing, political will, and stakeholder approval appear to be the new challenges. Eradication efforts have delivered a suite of biodiversity benefits that are in the process of revealing themselves. The costs of rectifying intentional reintroductions are high in terms of financial and human resources. Reducing the archipelago-wide goat density to low levels is a technical approach to reducing reintroduction risk in the short-term, and is being complemented with a longer-term social approach focused on education and governance.
Priority sites for conservation in the Cook Islands: key biodiversity areas and important bird areas.
BRB
Available Online
The Key Biodiversity Areas and Important Bird Areas (KBA's & IBA's) approach is a simple, effective means of implementing the protected areas elements of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD). KBAs and IBAs are places of international importance for the conservation of biological diversity through protected areas and other governance mechanisms.
From small Maria to massive Campbell: forty years of rat eradications from New Zealand islands
BRB
Available Online

Broome, Keith G

,

Towns, David R

2010
Over the last four decades the eradication of rats from islands around New Zealand has moved from accidental eradication following the exploratory use of baits for rat control to carefully planned complex eradications of rats and cats (Feliscatus) on large islands.

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