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Adapting coastal cities and territories to sea level rise in the Pacific: challenges and leading practices
SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Devignol, Lisa

2024
This report was produced as a key output from the Sea'ties Pacific Regional Workshop that was held between 10 - 12 July 2023 in Nadi, Fiji. The workshop was organised by the Ocean & Climate Platform, the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), and the Pacific Climate Change Centre (PCCC), with funding support from the Fonds Pacifique (French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs), the PCCC, and SPREP through the technical assistance programme of the Kiwa Initiative. The report provides an overview of current adaptation challenges faced across the Pacific region, along with inspiring initiatives to address them. Findings in this report draw on insights gained from individuals as well as the workshop itself, and highlights that in a region where many islands are low-lying, the vast majority of the population lives by the ocean where the coast is rapidly urbanising, sea level rise remains an existential issue and is paramount to fast-track both mitigation and adaptation action.
Adapting Coastal Cities and Territories to Sea Level Rise in the Pacific : Challenges and Leading Practices
SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience, PCCP
Available Online
2024
Pacific Island Countries and Territories are facing rapidly changing ocean and coastal conditions due to climate change, and are particularly vulnerable to sea level rise (SLR). As elsewhere in the world, Pacific coastal cities concentrate population and valuable assets including well over the 50% of the region's built infrastructure.
Policy Recommendations for Coastal Cities to Adapt to Sea Level Rise
Climate Change Resilience, PCCP
Available Online
2023
Sea level rise results from the melting of ice sheets and glaciers and the expansion of seawater as it warms, caused by human-induced climate change. Coastal cities and settlements are particularly at risk of climate and ocean impacts and continue to attract an ever growing population which could exceed one billion people by 2050.
How to Survive Sea Level Rise, With Annmary
SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience
Available Online
2022
Those water levels aren’t getting any lower. Roll up your sleeves and learn how to tackle sea level rise head-on, with AnnMary.
Sea-Level Change in the Pacific Islands Region
Climate Change Resilience
Available Online

,

2022
The engagement in the Pacific Islands Region (PIR) of the Pacific Department PARD) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) includes supporting developing countries in the PIR through regional development forums and infrastructure finance. Given the vulnerability of the PIR to SLR (sea level rise), how precautionary should investors be when dealing with SLR in the Pacific.
COSPPac Monthly Climate Bulletin, September 2021.
SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience
Available Online
2021
For October to December 2021, the dynamical models agree on above normal rainfall for Palau, FSM, central Marshall Islands, most of PNG and Solomon Is-lands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, Niue, southern Cook Islands and southern French Polynesia. The models also agree on below normal rainfall for northern PNG and Solomon Islands, Nauru, Kiribati, Tuvalu, Tokelau, northern and central Cook Islands, and the northern half of French Polynesia.
Sea level threat in Tuvalu
Climate Change Resilience
Available Online

Aung, Than

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Prasad, Uma

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Singh, Awnesh

2009
Recently impacts of climate change, in particular, sea level rise, a major concern for many Pacific island countries. In early 2000, there were a series of media coverage over sea level rise issues using Tuvalu as an example.
Island invasives: scaling up to meet the challenge. Proceedings of the international conference on island invasives 2017
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Godwin, J.

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Heard, N.

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Serr, M.

2019
House mice are significant invasive pests, particularly on islands without native mammalian predators. As part of a multi-institutional project aimed at suppressing invasive mouse populations on islands, we aim to create heavily male-biased sex ratios with the goal of causing the populations to crash. Effective implementation of this approach will depend on engineered F1 wild-lab males being effective secondary invaders that can mate successfully. As a first step in assessing this possibility, we are characterising genetic and behavioural differences between Mus musculus strains in terms of mating and fecundity using wild house mice derived from an invasive population on the Farallon Islands (MmF), a laboratory strain C57BL/6/129 (tw2), and F1 wild-lab off spring. Mice with the ‘t allele’ (tw2) have a naturally occurring gene drive system. To assess fertility in F1 wild-lab crosses, tw2 males were paired with wild-derived females from the Farallon Islands (MmF). Results of these matings indicate litter sizes are comparable but that weaned pup and adult wild-lab mice are heavier in mass. Next, we initiated tests of male competitiveness using larger (3 m2) enclosures with enrichment. We introduced both an MmF and a tw2-bearing male to two MmF females to assess mating outcomes. Preliminary results of these experiments show none of the off spring carried the t-allele. However, performing the same experiment with F1 wild-lab males instead of a full lab background resulted in 70% of off spring carrying the tw2 allele. This indicates that F1 wild-lab males may be able to successfully compete and secondarily invade. It will be important in subsequent experiments to determine what characteristics contribute to secondary invasion success. More generally, a better understanding of characteristics contributing to overall success in increasingly complex and naturalistic environments will be critical in determining the potential of a gene drive-based eradication approach for invasive mice on islands.
Fisheries - effects of marine protected areas on local fisheries: evidence from empirical studies.
BRB
Available Online

Badalamenti F

,

Goni, R

,

Tupper, M H

Fisheries - effects of marine protected areas on local fisheries: evidence from empirical studies.
A potential new tool for the toolbox: assessing gene drives for eradicating invasive rodent populations
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Brown, P.R.

,

Campbell, K.J.

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Delborne, J.

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Godwin, J.

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Gould, F.

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Howald, G.R.

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Kanavy, D.M.

,

Kuiken, T.

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Packard, H.

,

Piaggio, A.

,

Saah, J.R.

,

Serr, M.

,

Shiels, A.

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Thomas, P.

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Threadgill, D.

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Tompkins, D.M.

2019
Invasive rodents have significant negative impacts on island biodiversity. All but the smallest of rodent eradications currently rely on island-wide rodenticide applications. Although significant advances have been made in mitigating unintended impacts, rodent eradication on inhabited islands remains extremely challenging. Current tools restrict eradication efforts to fewer than 15% of islands with critically endangered or endangered species threatened by invasive rodents. The Genetic Biocontrol of Invasive Rodents partnership is an interdisciplinary collaboration to develop and evaluate gene drive technology for eradicating invasive rodent populations on islands. Technological approaches currently being investigated include the production of multiple strains of Mus musculus with a modified form of the native t-complex, or a CRISPR gene drive, carrying genes or mechanisms that determine sex. These systems have the potential to skew the sex ratio of off spring to approach 100% single-sex, which could result in population collapse. One goal proposed is to test the ability of constructs to spread and increase in frequency in M. musculus populations in biosecure, captive settings and undertake modelling to inform development and potential deployment of these systems. Structured ecologically-based risk assessments are proposed, along with social and cultural engagement to assess the acceptability of releasing a gene drive system. Work will be guided by an external ethics advisory board. Partners are from three countries with significant regulatory capacity (USA, Australia, New Zealand). Thus, we will seek data sharing agreements so that results from experiments may be used within all three countries and treat regulatory requirements as a minimum. Species-specific, scalable, and socially acceptable new eradication tools could produce substantial biodiversity benefits not possible with current technologies. Gene drive innovation may provide such a tool for invasive species management and be potentially transformative and worthy of exploring in an inclusive, responsible, and ethical manner.

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