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Volcanic Ash as a Sustainable Binder Material: An Extensive Review
Environmental Monitoring and Governance
Available Online

Etxeberria, Miren

,

Játiva, Andrés

,

Ruales, Evelyn

2021
The construction industry is affected by the constant growth in the populations of urban areas. The demand for cement production has an increasing environmental impact, and there are urgent demands for alternative sustainable solutions. Volcanic ash (VA) is an abundant lowcost material that, because of its chemical composition and amorphous atomic structure, has been considered as a suitable material to replace Portland cement clinker for use as a binder in cement production. In the last decade, there has been interest in using alkali-activated VA material as an alternative material to replace ordinary Portland cement. In this way, a valuable product may be derived from a currently under-utilized material. Additionally, alkali-activated VA-based materials may be suitable for building applications because of their good densification behaviour, mechanical properties and low porosity. This article describes the most relevant findings from researchers around the world on the role of the chemical composition and mineral contents of VA on reactivity during the alkali-activation reaction; the effect of synthesis factors, which include the concentration of the alkaline activator, the solution-to-binder ratio and the curing conditions, on the properties of alkali-activated VA-based materials; and the mechanical performance and durability properties of these materials.
The Use of Volcanic Powder as a Cement Replacement for the Development of Sustainable Mortars
Environmental Monitoring and Governance
Available Online

Letelier, Viviana

,

Ortega, Jose Marcos

,

Tremino, Rosa Maria

,

et al

2020
Currently, reduction of environmental e ects of the cement industry is an issue of global interest and one of the alternatives is to replace clinker with additions such as volcanic powder. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of up to 400 hardening days of volcanic powder, obtained from the last eruption of the Calbuco volcano (Chile), on the pore structure, mechanical performance, and durability-related properties of mortars which incorporate up to 20% volcanic powder as a substitution for clinker. In addition, an evaluation of greenhouse gases emissions was performed in order to quantify the possible environmental benefits of incorporating the volcanic powder in the mortars. The results obtained indicated that mortars with contents of 10% and 20% of volcanic powder had adequate service properties and improved all durability-related properties overall as compared with those noted for ordinary Portland cement. Additionally, the use of up to 20% volcanic powder makes it possible to reduce the CO2 emissions of mortars by almost 20%, demonstrating the advantages of incorporating this addition in mortars.
Geological history of Guam pt 1: Volcanic deposition - Natural History of Guam
Environmental Monitoring and Governance
Available Online
Geological history of Guam and its volcanic deposition
Vanuatu biodiversity strategy and action plan (NSAP) 2018 - 2030.
BRB
Available Online
2018
Vanuatu is located in the South Pacific Ocean (about three quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia) and includes more than 80 islands, of which about 65 are inhabited.
Loss of interest intactness elevates global extinction risk in birds.
BRB
Available Online

Arendarczyk, B

,

Buchanan, G M

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Donald, P F

,

Spooner, F

2018
Only around a third of the world’s remaining forest cover survives in the form of Intact Forest Landscapes (IFL), and that proportion is declining.
Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions.
BRB
Available Online

Bellard, C.

,

Blackburn, T.

,

Cassey, P.

2015
We assessed the prevalence of alien species as a driver of recent extinctions in five major taxa (plants, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), using data from the IUCN Red List. Our results show that alien species are the second most common threat associated with species that have gone completely extinct from these taxa since AD 1500. Aliens are the most common threat associated with extinctions in three of the five taxa analysed, and for vertebrate extinctions overall.
Regional assessment on ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction and biodiversity in Oceania.
BRB
Available Online
2016
The Oceania region is very prone to natural disasters having experienced two Category 5 cyclones in as many years; Tropical Cyclone (TC)Pam struck Vanuatu on 13 March 2015 and TC Winston struck Fiji on 20 February 2016.
Wetlands of Wallis and Futuna.
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme.

2017
In 2014, with support from the French Government, Wallis and Futuna informed SPREP of its intention to identify nationally significant wetlands for future designation as wetlands of international importance (Ramsar Sites) under the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971).
Bait colour and moisture do not affect bait acceptance by introduced Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) at Henderson Island, Pitcairn Islands.
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Bond, A.L.

,

McClelland, G.T.W.

,

O’Keefe, S.

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Warren, P.

2019
Rodent eradications are a useful tool for the restoration of native biodiversity on islands, but occasionally these operations incur non-target mortality. Changes in cereal bait colour could potentially mitigate these impacts but must not compromise the eradication operation. Changing bait colour may reduce mortality of Henderson crakes (Zapornia atra), an endemic globally threatened flightless bird on Henderson Island, Pitcairn Islands, South Pacific Ocean. Crakes had high non-target mortality in a failed 2011 rat eradication operation and consumed fewer blue than green cereal pellets. We examined which cereal bait properties influenced its acceptance by captive Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) on Henderson Island. We held 82 Pacific rats from Henderson Island in captivity and provided them with non-toxic cereal bait pellets of varying properties (blue or green, moist or dry). We estimated the proportion of rats consuming bait using logistic generalised linear mixed models. We found no effect of sex, females’ reproductive status, bait colour or bait moisture on rats’ willingness to consume baits. Rats’ bait consumption was unaffected by cereal bait properties (colour or moisture). The use of blue bait is unlikely to affect future eradication operational success but may reduce non-target mortality of Henderson crakes. Timing cereal bait distribution in relation to precipitation may also reduce crake mortality without compromising palatability to rats.
Widespread shortfalls in protected area resourcing undermine efforts to conserve biodiversity.
BRB
Available Online
2019
Protected areas (PAs) are a key tool in efforts to safeguard biodiversity against increasing anthropogenic threats. As signatories to the 2011–2020 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, 196 nations pledged support for expansion in the extent of the global PA estate and the quality of PA management.

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