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Ocean Cities: Regional Policy Guide - Delivering Resilient Solutions in Pacific Island Settlements
Climate Change Resilience
Available Online
2019
Ocean cities are where urban lanscapes and seascapes meet, where built and natural environments near coastlines interface and where human behaviour and urban development have profound impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
Building Forward Together - Towards an Inclusive and Resilient Asia and the Pacific
Environmental Monitoring and Governance, Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

,

2022
The pandemic further widened existing inequalities and vulnerabilities. Evidence also shows the reversal of hard-won gains in poverty reduction in several countries in the region. All this is happening alongside intensifying environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and te continued onslaught of natural hazards and climate change.
The Science we need for Healthy and Resilient Coral Reefs in the Pacific
SPREP Publications, Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online
2022
The Pacific is home to around 25% of the world’s coral reefs. Reefs are critical for the future of the Pacific Island People. They provide food and nutrition, protection from the sea, etc. and play an important role on the culture of the Pacific. In September 2021, the Members of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) endorsed the Pacific Coral Reef Action Plan.
Envisioning a resilient future for biodiversity conservation in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Thurstan, Ruth H.

2021
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect societies across the world, the ongoing economic and social disruptions are likely to present fundamental challenges for current and future biodiversity conservation.
Green recovery for Practitioners - Setting the course towards a sustainable, inclusive and resilient transformation
Climate Change Resilience
Available Online

Heilmann, Felix

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Palmer, Ronan

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Phillips, Juliet

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Reitzenstein, Alexander

2020
This paper provides a practical framework that captures the key elements of a green recovery to inform the work of economic advisors who seek to support sustainable, inclusive and resilient recoveries for the ministries they work with. This paper first introduces the concept of a green recovery, setting out the importance and benefits of bringing this topic into work of economy, finance and planning ministries.
Myna Bird Inspection Report - Vailima
BRB
Available Online

Division of Enviornment and Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

2014
On Tuesday 24th June 2014, the terrestrial section of the Division of Environment and Conservation received a report from Sooalo Tito Alatimu, a principal officer of the Forestry Division, regarding a complaint from a resident of Vailima due to an unusual seen of myna birds at his place. According to Sooalo, the complainant was shocked seeing more than 100 myna birds in his compound on Sunday and Monday in the early hours of the morning and late evening, it is very unusual and the first scene to happen while staying at Vailima.
2015 Myna Survey. Report to inform the Samoan Myna Management Plan
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Serra. G.

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Young. S

2015
In May 2015, 74 line transects in three different habitat types (plantation, mixed crops, urban) were surveyed on Upolu and Savai’i islands, Samoa, with an aim of estimating the population size, density and distribution of two invasive bird species, Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) and Jungle Myna (Acridotheres fuscus). Based on the available literature, the surveyed habitats were identified as preferred foraging habitat for the two myna species. The three habitats make up 24.9% of Samoa’s land area. Survey data were analysed using the Distance program. It was estimated that the population of myna birds occurring in the plantation, mixed crops and urban habitats of Samoa is approximately 158,995 (+- 29,588). Approximately 130,030 (+- 19,837) myna were estimated to live on Upolu and 28,968 (+- 9,751) on Savai’i, across the three habitat types. Survey results also revealed that both species show a significant preference for urban habitat. Jungle Myna were estimated to be the most numerous (population estimate: 133,925 +-24,321), occurring on both islands and in all surveyed habitat types. Jungle Myna seem to have saturated the urban habitat available in Upolu and therefore have proceeded to colonise plantations and mixed crops adjacent to urban areas. Common Myna (population estimate: 23,367 +- 7,612), having reached the shores of Samoa ca. 20 years later than Jungle Myna, show highest density in urban environments. They are concentrated in the north-west section of Upolu, with only a few individuals observed on the east coast of Savai’i.
Monitoring of myna bird roosts at Moamoa
BRB
Available Online

Division of Enviornment and Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

2014
Myna birds are categorized in the ‘starling family’, they are native to Southern Asia especially India, has many species and lastly became an introduced invasive species to many countries of the Pacific including Samoa. Specifically, there are two species in the country today, jungle myna and the common myna bird, both have different characteristics but brings harm to the environment and people as whole. In 1965, the jungle myna was introduced to the country followed by the common myna in 1988, under one aspect to control cattle ticks; however, it brought great impacts to Samoa’s biodiversity.
Plan for the Eradication of Myna Birds from Kiribati 31 March 2015. Draft
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Dr. Butler, David J.

2015
The Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agricultural Development (MELAD) has received funds through the regional GEF-PAS Invasives project coordinated by the Secretariat for the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) to eradicate two species of myna found in Kiribati. The Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) and the Jungle Myna (A. fuscus) are two of the world’s most destructive invasive species, originally from Asia. They damage food crops such as papaya and breadfruit, attack native birds, nest in the roofs of houses where they make a mess with their droppings, are very noisy, and can carry diseases and parasites.
The Distribution and Abundance of Myna Birds (Acridotheres tristis) and Rimatara Lorikeets (Vini kuhlii) on Atiu, Cook Islands.
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Heptonstall. R.E.A

2010
The Common Myna Acridotheres tristis was originally introduced to the island of Atiu, Cook Islands, in 1915 to control the Coconut stick insect Graeffea crouanii but it has since become a pest itself. The Rimatara lorikeet Vini Kuhlii or ‘Kura’ was reintroduced, after disappearing from the Southern Cook Islands almost 200 years ago, to Atiu on 24th April 2007 from Rimatara, French Polynesia to create a reserve population due to there being only approximately 1000 birds left on Rimatara. Due to observations of mynas reportedly harassing and attacking adult and juvenile Kura at the nest, an eradication programme was introduced by Gerald McCormack, Director of the Cook Island Natural Heritage Trust (CINHT), in May 2009 to reduce the population size of myna birds to give the Kura a couple of peaceful nesting seasons to help establish a stable population on Atiu. A study by J. Mitchell of the University of Leeds in May/June 2009 estimated a starting count of approximately 6000 myna birds prior to the eradication programme. That survey was followed up in May 2010 using two strategies, the transect method and roost counts. Analysis of transect method counts, using the Distance software, estimate there are approximately 3128 mynas on Atiu. Roost counts were at variance with that figure and estimated only 1280 myna birds. The roost counts estimate of 1280 may be the most accurate because all mynas would be in the winter roosts for heat conservation from May to July alleviating the concern that females and young would be nesting away from the roosts during counts, whereas transect counts may involve recounting the same birds numerous times; a problem minimized by repeating transect counts twice daily and using different transects to cover as much of the expected habitat as possible. Only a limited survey of the population of Kura was possible during this visit to Atiu since almost all available time and logistics were focused on myna surveys. An estimate of the Kura population suggests there are approximately 100 birds, which suggests that since the 2007 introduction the Kura population is thriving on Atiu. However, comparisons with the exponential growth rate model of 184 birds suggest this difference could be due to myna bird harassment despite culling. A more comprehensive survey is recommended perhaps using similar strategies to determine whether the myna has any deleterious effect on the Kura. In July 2010 a new myna bounty was introduced and is proving successful as a further 383 myna birds were culled by the end of July. The Atiu Island Council may decide on complete eradication of the myna to give the Kura full advantage of living on Atiu in the absence of the competitive myna bird.

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