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Tags / Keywords predator management
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Predation of sea turtle eggs by rats and crabs

Stokes, H., Esteban, N., Hays, G. C.

Egg predation by invasive and native species may have severe impacts on endangered species and negatively affect species recovery. We assessed the levels of egg predation within green turtle (Chelonia mydas) clutches on the island of Diego Garcia (7.42°S, 72.45°E), Chagos Archipelago (Indian Ocean). Native coconut crabs (Birgus latro) and ghost crabs (Ocypode spp.), as well as introduced black rats (Rattus rattus), were predators of eggs, with these species entering nests via tunnels dug obliquely in the sand. Often whole eggs were removed from clutches. For example, the mean clutch size at oviposition (mean 127.8 eggs, n = 23, range = 74–176) was significantly larger than at the end of incubation (mean 110.9 hatched and unhatched eggs, n = 16, range = 9–147). In other cases, egg predation was recorded where the egg had been opened and contents were eaten in the nest. Overall, hatching success (the percentage of eggs laid leading to a hatchling emerging from the egg) was 64.9%, while 3.1% of eggs were predated within nests, 18.1% died during incubation without predation and 13.9% were removed. We reviewed evidence from 34 sites around the world identifying 36 predators that were either native (e.g., crabs, and goannas, n = 30) or invasive (e.g., rats, and pigs, n = 8). Depending on location, a predator could be identified as both native and invasive (e.g., dogs). We discuss how either nest protection and/or invasive predator eradication may be used to increase egg survival and when these approaches might be used.

PNEA Talanoa Webinar: EIA Good Practice Learning and Sharing.

SPREP Publications, Environmental Monitoring and Governance, PNEA

Available Online

Building on the outcomes of the Pacific Day 2023 held on the sidelines of the EIANZ 2023 Conference, this webinar aims to foster an engaging Talanoa dialogue within the PNEA community of practice, focusing on the exchange of knowledge, experiences, and best practices in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) across the Pacific region.

Environmental Impact Assessment

Environmental Monitoring and Governance

Available Online

Hundloe, Tor

The global environment sector is growing rapidly, as is the scale of the issues that face the environment itself. The global population is estimated to exceed 9 billion by 2050. New patterns of consumption threaten natural resources, food and energy security, and cause pollution and climate change. Policy makers and investors are responding to this in terms of supporting green technology as well as developing diverse regulatory and policy measures which move society in a more ‘sustainable’ direction. More recently, there have been moves to integrate environmental policy into general policy areas rather than having separate environmental policy. This approach is called Environmental Policy Integration (EPI). The series will focus primarily on summarizing present and emerging policy and regulation in an integrated way with a focus on interdisciplinary approaches, where it will fill a current gap in the literature.

Social Impact Assessment Guidelines for Thriving Regions and Communities

Environmental Monitoring and Governance

Available Online

These guidelines provide a practical approach to Social Impact Assessment (SIA). They are designed to help readers learn the basics about how to conduct an SIA, contribute to an SIA, use the results of an SIA, and judge if an SIA is fit for purpose. When writing the guidelines, we have assumed that readers may have little or no prior experience with SIA. The need for guidelines for SIA became apparent during our research with regional communities experiencing the social impacts of economic regeneration projects, including infrastructure, housing, irrigation, tourism and heritage conservation. During our work, we encountered many community leaders who were keen to learn how to assess the social impacts of the plans they design, how to take this information and use it to make decisions, and then, overtime, evaluate the outcomes for communities. When writing and testing the guidelines, we drew on our own professional expertise in SIA, and the experiences of potential guideline users including: community organisations, iwi members, central government agencies, local government economic development and planning professionals, infrastructure providers, sector groups, evaluation practitioners, consultancies, students, and academics. We also drew on the ideas of practitioners of SIA in conferences and training sessions1 , and other invaluable sources that are listed in the Annexes. SIA looks at the potential impacts of change proposal, focusing on who is affected, where and how, and what might be done to improve the results in the short, medium, and long-term. We expect that the guidelines will be useful for anyone proposing changes that affect people and communities, as well as those experiencing social impacts.

Scoping for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

SPREP Publications, Environmental Monitoring and Governance

Available Online

Barbara, Gregory

Scoping is the stage whereby the regulator (with the developer and stakeholder engagement) identifies and highlights the major impacts of the proposed development.

Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA)

Environmental Monitoring and Governance

Available Online

Morgan, Richard

Taylor, Nick

Cumulative impacts are those that result from the successive incremental, and/pr combined effects of an action, project or activity when added to other existing, planned and/or reasonably anticipated future ones impacts that would not be expected in the case of a stand-alone development.

PLP-ESS Module 20: Managing Development Risks & Impacts on Biodiversity & Protected Areas in Pacific

SPREP Publications, Environmental Monitoring and Governance

Available Online

The World Bank’s sixth environment and social standard [ESS6] recognizes that protecting and conserving biodiversity and sustainably managing living natural resources are fundamental to sustainable development.

Assessment of Scientific gaps related to the Effective Environmental Management of Deep-Seabed Mining

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Amon, Diva J.

Gollner, Sabine

Morato, Telmo

et al

A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining's likely to impacts is unnecessary to assess whether and under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations com;y with the International Seabed Authority's obligations to prevent serious harm and ensure the effective protection of the marine environment form harmful effects in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

Enabling Environment for Disaster Risk Financing in Fiji: Country Diagnostics Assessment

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

,

This country diagnostics assessment reviews the current disaster risk financing (DRF) landscape and enabling environment in Fij, with a particular focus on risk transfer instruments- insurance, reinsurance and capital markets. The assessment is based on a modified version of the W&W Development Framework for accommodating international best practice, as well as public and private sector stakeholders' inputs.

NorthWest Pacific Action Plan (NOWPAP) Special Monitoring & Coastal Environmental Assessmsnet Regional Activity Centre (CEARAC)

Environmental Monitoring and Governance

Available Online

As its name tells, CEARAC mainly conducts various monitoring and assessment of the marine and coastal environment of the NOWPAP region with special monitoring methodologies and tools such as remote sensing. Prolonged worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has restricted people's life and travel all through the year of 2021, and it was inevitable for CEARAC to meet people online. The training course is designed to provide its trainees with both lectures and hands-on sessions of data processing with computer tools, and CEARAC organized it virtually for the first time.

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