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Strategic environmental assessment for invasive species management on inhabited islands.
BRB
Available Online

Russel, J.

,

Taylor, C.

2019
Over the past decade the challenges of managing invasive species on inhabited islands have clearly become limiting factors to scaling-up the area of invasive species eradications. Step-change is required to unleash the conservation and restoration potential of biodiversity on inhabited islands around the globe and avoid the pitfalls previous attempts to eradicate invasive species on inhabited islands have fallen into. Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is a systematic decision support process, aiming to ensure that environmental and other sustainability aspects are considered effectively throughout policy, plan and programme making. Within the framework of SEAs, on target islands eradication planners could implement a number of tools including stakeholder engagement, social impact assessment and economic cost benefit analysis alongside existing environmental impact assessment. Such a suite of assessments captures the immediate impacts of an eradication operation on a range of values, alongside predicted long-term changes in these tightly coupled socio-ecological systems. In this paper we outline what SEA is, and then contrast invasive species management attempts occurring outside an SEA framework on two similar but also contrasting UNESCO World Heritage islands; Lord Howe Island, Australia and Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. We then demonstrate how an SEA approach to invasive species management would assist planning in New Zealand to eradicate introduced mammalian predators from two large off shore islands in New Zealand; Aotea (Great Barrier Island) and Rakiura (Stewart Island). We conclude with future prospects for applying SEA to invasive species management on inhabited islands.
House sparrow eradication attempt on Robinson Crusoe Island, Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Bonham, J.

,

Campbell, K.

,

Hagen, E.

2019
House sparrows (Passer domesticus) compete with native bird species, consume crops, and are vectors for diseases in areas where they have been introduced. Sparrow eradication attempts aimed at eliminating these negative effects highlight the importance of deploying multiple alternative methods to remove individuals while maintaining the remaining population naïve to techniques. House sparrow eradication was attempted from Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile, in the austral winter of 2012 using an experimental approach sequencing passive multi-catch traps, passive single-catch traps, and then active multi-catch methods, and finally active single-catch methods. In parallel, multiple detection methods were employed and local stakeholders were engaged. The majority of removals were via passive trapping, and individuals were successfully targeted with active methods (mist nets and shooting). Automated acoustic recording, point counts and camera traps declined in power to detect individual sparrows as the population size decreased; however, we continued to detect sparrows at all population densities using visual observations, underscoring the importance of local residents’ participation in monitoring. Four surviving sparrows were known to persist at the conclusion of eff orts in 2012. Given the lack of formal biosecurity measures within the Juan Fernández archipelago, reinvasion is possible. A local network of citizen observers is the best tool available to detect house sparrows at low density, however ongoing, dedicated eradication funding does not exist. Opportunistic removals via shooting have been possible from 2013–2016, but elusive individual sparrows were seen during a small number of days each year suggesting remnant group(s) exist in yet unknown forest locations.