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  • Tags / Keywords environmental impact assessment
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Predation of sea turtle eggs by rats and crabs
BRB

Stokes, H., Esteban, N., Hays, G. C.

2023
Egg predation by invasive and native species may have severe impacts on endangered species and negatively affect species recovery. We assessed the levels of egg predation within green turtle (Chelonia mydas) clutches on the island of Diego Garcia (7.42°S, 72.45°E), Chagos Archipelago (Indian Ocean). Native coconut crabs (Birgus latro) and ghost crabs (Ocypode spp.), as well as introduced black rats (Rattus rattus), were predators of eggs, with these species entering nests via tunnels dug obliquely in the sand. Often whole eggs were removed from clutches. For example, the mean clutch size at oviposition (mean 127.8 eggs, n = 23, range = 74–176) was significantly larger than at the end of incubation (mean 110.9 hatched and unhatched eggs, n = 16, range = 9–147). In other cases, egg predation was recorded where the egg had been opened and contents were eaten in the nest. Overall, hatching success (the percentage of eggs laid leading to a hatchling emerging from the egg) was 64.9%, while 3.1% of eggs were predated within nests, 18.1% died during incubation without predation and 13.9% were removed. We reviewed evidence from 34 sites around the world identifying 36 predators that were either native (e.g., crabs, and goannas, n = 30) or invasive (e.g., rats, and pigs, n = 8). Depending on location, a predator could be identified as both native and invasive (e.g., dogs). We discuss how either nest protection and/or invasive predator eradication may be used to increase egg survival and when these approaches might be used.
Bonnes pratiques en matière d’études de l’impact sur l’environnement pour l’ingénierie côtière dans le Pacifique
SPREP Publications, Environmental Monitoring and Governance
Available Online
2022
L’Étude d’impact environnemental (ÉIE) est un processus utilisé pour évaluer et gérer des projets de développement particuliers. Elle a pour objectif de maximiser les retombées positives et de minimiser les impacts négatifs pour les communautés locales et leur environnement. La mobilisation des parties prenantes et les connaissances locales sont essentielles à la réalisation d’une bonne ÉIE. Correctement mise en oeuvre, l’ÉIE peut contribuer à la réalisation des objectifs de croissance verte, de résilience au changement climatique, et aux objectifs de développement durable des Nations Unies (ODD)1.
A guide to environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the South Pacific
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)

1993
The main purpose of this booklet is to provide a ready and simple guide for using Environmental Impact Assessment as a planning and management tool for decision making in the South Pacific Region. It is primarily for government officials who are normally too busy to look at voluminous reference manuals, and also for private developers, non-government officials and interested individuals.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report : augmentation phase of Afulilo Hydro Power Scheme, Samoa / prepared by Komeri Onorio and Bale Tamata for the Government of Samoa.
SPREP Publications, Environmental Monitoring and Governance
Available Online

Onorio, Komeri

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Tamata, Bale

1997
The Afulilo Hydro Power Augmentarion Project was designed specifically to assist with the Upolu power sysrem stability. Demand for energy has been growing in line with grcwth in maximum demand and, while the Afulilo scheme is producing more energy than anticipated, the sustainable enery outflow of the present scheme is limited by warer inflows, reservoir storage volume and insralled geneftrtion capacity. Because the Afulilo scheme is rhe only hydro scheme in Samoa with carry over storage, augmentation of the Afulilo scheme is panicularly important to increase dry season capaclry to reduce the amounr of installed diesel capaciry ro reduce overall fuel consump tion and to lessen th" dry season peak in fuel consumption.
Costs and bene? ts for biodiversity following rat and cat eradication on Te Hauturu-o-Toi/Little Barrier Island
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Bell, E.

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Campbell, J.

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Cassey, P.

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Ewen, J.G.

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Green, C.

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Gri?ths, R.

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Joyce, L.

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Rayner, M.

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Towns, D.

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Toy, R.

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Veitch, C.R.

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Wade, L.

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Walle, R.

2019
Considerable bene?ts can be achieved for indigenous biodiversity when invasive vertebrates are removed from islands. In New Zealand, two logistically challenging eradications were undertaken, one to remove cats (Felis catus) and the other Paci?c rats (Rattus exulans) from Te Hauturu-o-Toi/Little Barrier Island (Hauturu). Here we document the short- and long-term impacts of these interventions on the biodiversity of Hauturu. We also assess the extent to which predicted outcomes were re?ected in the measured responses for a wide range of species. Short-term impacts of the eradication program encompassed individual mortality for some native species but no measurable impact to populations. In contrast, at least 11 native vertebrates and one native invertebrate species increased in abundance after rat and cat removal. Fifteen of 34 plant species monitored had signi?cantly more seedlings on Hauturu after rat eradication compared with control islands, indicating future changes in forest composition. Several native species previously not recorded on the island were discovered, including the New Zealand storm petrel (Fregetta maoriana) (formerly considered extinct), the forest ringlet butter?y (Dodonidia helmsi) and eight species of aquatic invertebrate. The chevron skink (Oligosoma homalonotum) has been found in increasing numbers and tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), raised in captivity on the island, are now re-established and breeding in the wild. These results illustrate an island gradually recovering after a long period of modi?cation. We conclude that more success stories such as Hauturu must be told if we are to allay the public’s concerns about such eradication campaigns. And more public support is required if the conservation community is to tackle invasive species at a scale commensurate with the threats they pose.
The recovery of seabird populations on Ramsey Island, Pembrokeshire, Wales, following the 1999/2000 rat eradication
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Bell, E.A.

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Bell, M.D.

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Morgan, G.

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Morgan, L.

2019
Ramsey Island, 259 ha, is ca. 1 km off the Pembrokeshire coast, south-west Wales. The eradication of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) was successfully completed in the winter 1999/2000 using a ground-based bait station operation. The pre-eradication survey using tape playback estimated the Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) population to be 849 pairs. These surveys were repeated in 2007, 2012 and 2016. Each survey showed the Manx shearwater population had increased, reaching 4,796 pairs in 2016 with birds spreading from previously known breeding locations. European storm petrels (Hydrobates pelagicus) were ?rst recorded breeding on Ramsey Island in 2008 with up to 12 pairs in 2016 (a minimum estimate based on accessible survey areas). Other species have also shown improvements to population estimates and range since the rat eradication. This evidence shows that there can be little doubt that the presence of brown rats on Ramsey played a signi?cant role in suppressing breeding numbers and limiting the breeding range of seabirds on the island and the positive results following the successful eradication are now being seen.
Renforcement des Études d'Impact Environnemental: Directives pour les États et Territories insulaires océaniens
BRB
Available Online

SPREP

2016
Since the early 1990s the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) has been promoting the use of environmental planning and assessment processes amongst its member countries and territories. SPREP's approach to environmental planning and assessment has been part of a global programme for improving environmental management and supporting sustainable development. SPREP has been guided by regional and international multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs); the needs of its members; the advice of its collaborators, donors and regional partners; and green economy, climate change adaptation and disaster risk management considerations, with the latter two considerations being amongst the most important sustainable development issues for the Pacific region.
Strategic environmental assessment and potential future shoreline impacts of the oil spill from WWII shipwreck Hoyo Maru Chuuk lagoon - Federated States of Micronesia
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, Waste Management and Pollution Control, BRB
Available Online

Gilbert, Rean Monfils

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Gilbert, Trevor

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Talouli, Anthony

2009
Marine pollution is widely recognised as one of the four major threats to the world’s oceans, along with habitat destruction, over-exploitation of living marine resources and invasive marine species. Spills of oil and other chemicals into the marine environment, both from ships and land-based sources, is a significant source of pollution.
Mariana islands range complex: environmental impact statement / overseas environmental impact statement, volume 1 of 2
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Department of Navy

2009
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 requires Federal agencies to examine the environmental effects of their proposed actions. On behalf of the Department of Defense Representative Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Federated States of Micronesia and Republic of Palau (DoD REP) the Navy is preparing this EIS/OEIS to assess the potential environmental effects associated with continuing and proposed military activities within the MIRC Study Area. The Navy is the lead agency for the EIS/OEIS because of its role as Executive Agent. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the U.S. Department of the Interior, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services (USDA WS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the United States Army: the United States Marine Corps. the United States Air Force and the United States Coast Guard were invited as cooperating agencies. The NMFS. U.S. Department of Interior (Office of Insular Affairs), FAA. U.S. Marine Coips and U.S. Air Force have accepted as cooperating agencies.
A review of integrated environmental assessment and planning procedures in Pacific island countries
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

McIntyre Matt

,

Young Erin

2008
The Secretariat for Pacific Regional Environment Programme (‘SPREP’) have commissioned Cardno (Qld) Pty Ltd (‘Cardno’) to undertake a comprehensive review of integrated environmental assessment approaches and procedures in Pacific Island Countries (‘PICs’), and to provide advice on regional priorities for capacity building requirements in this regard.

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