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Samoa 2040: Transforming Samoa to a higher growth path
Environmental Monitoring and Governance, Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online
2021
Samoa 2040 sets Samoa's agenda for economic growth and development over the next 20 years. It identifies a set of potentially transformational opportunities that have the potential to boost incomes, employment and standards of living in Samoa over the longer-term. The Samoa 2040 approach suggests that reform and investment efforts need to be carefully targeted at unlocking opportunities for income growth that have the highest potential given Samoa's unique circumstances. These opportunities lie in four broad focus areas: tourism agriculture and fishing the development of a digital economy and labour mobility. By providing a roadmap to take advantage of these opportunities which will raise economic growth create employment opportunities and generate government revenues - Samoa 2040 aims to ensure that all Samoans have the means and opportunity to pursue a better life and that no one is left behind.
Eradication of invasive animals and other island restoration practices in Seychelles: achievements, challenges and scaling up perspectives
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Rocamora, G.

2019
In recent decades Seychelles has accumulated extensive experience in the management of invasive species and other island restoration practices. Non-government organisations (NGOs), governmental, parastatal and private stakeholders have conducted successful programmes to control and eradicate invasive animals and plants, particularly on small islands of high biodiversity value. Biosecurity protocols have been implemented to prevent (re)infestations. With at least 50 vertebrate populations (33 mammal, 16 bird and one reptile) from 14 different species successfully eradicated, Seychelles is the third country in the world after Australia and the USA for invasive vertebrate eradications from tropical islands, and the seventh when considering all countries. Twenty-four islands have bene?ted from invasive vertebrate eradications and other ecosystem restoration processes to create refuges for native biodiversity. About 470 ha of woodland have been rehabilitated through replanting and recovery of native vegetation, and at least 36 successful island translocations of native birds and reptiles have been conducted. This includes 16 conservation introductions or reintroductions of six endemic land birds (all but one threatened), two of a terrapin species and 18 of Aldabra giant tortoises. Recovery of native species and natural recolonisations have occurred on islands where invasive predators have been removed. As a result, four globally threatened endemic land birds have been down-listed in the IUCN Red List and dozens of other native species including seabirds, land birds, reptiles, invertebrates and plants have also bene?ted. Future challenges include increasing the proportion of the country’s land area free of rats and cats from 3.9% to potentially 15.4%, mainly in the outer islands, and 50% in the long term if Aldabra and Cosmoledo are considered. Factors limiting future eradications and translocations are discussed. Alternative conservation approaches such as ‘mainland-islands’ are recommended for large islands, and the development of partnerships with nature-based tourism is encouraged to help fund further restoration.
The Economics of Climate Change : the Stern review / [study conducted by] Nicholas Stern.
Climate Change Resilience

Stern, Nicholas

2007
Climate change-- our approach: The science of climate change : scale of the environment challenge ; Economics, ethics and climate change ; Ethical frameworks and intertemporal equity -- Impacts of climate change on growth and development: How climate change will affect people around the world ; Implications of climate change for development ; Costs of climate change in developed countries ; Economic modelling of climate-change impacts -- The economics of stabilisation: Projecting the growth of greenhouse-gas emissions ; Climate change and the Kuznets curve ; The challenge of stabilisation ; Identifying the costs of mitigation ; Macroeconomic models of costs ; Structural change and competitiveness ; Key statistics for 123 UK production sectors ; Opportunities and wider benefits from climate policies ; Towards a goal for climate-change policy -- Policy responses for mitigation: Harnessing markets for mitigation : the role of taxation and trading ; Carbon pricing and emission markets in practice ; Accelerating technological innovation ; Beyond carbon markets and technology -- Policy responses for adaptation: Understanding the economics of adaptation ; Adaptation in the developed world ; Adaptation in the developing world -- International collective action: Framework for understanding international collective action for climate change -- Creating a global price for carbon -- Supporting the transition to a low-carbon global economy -- Promoting effective international technology co-operation -- Reversing emissions from land use change -- International support for adaptation -- Conclusions : building and sustaining international co-operation on climate change.
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for National and International Policy Makers: summary responding to the Value of Nature
Climate Change Resilience
Available Online

ten Brink, Patrick...[et al.]

2009
Natural capital – our ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources – underpins economies, societies and individual well-being. The values of its myriad benefits are, however, often overlooked or poorly understood. They are rarely taken fully into account through economic signals in markets, or in day to day decisions by business and citizens, nor indeed reflected adequately in the accounts of society.
The economics of ecosystems & biodiversity : an interim report
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Sukhdev Pavan

2008
Nature provides human society with a vast diversity of benefits such as food, fibres, clean water, healthy soil and carbon capture and many more. Though our well-being is totally dependent upon the continued flow of these “ecosystem services”, they are predominantly public goods with no markets and no prices, so are rarely detected by our current economic compass. As a result, biodiversity is declining, our ecosystems are being continuously degraded and we, in turn, are suffering the consequences.

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