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Grow a Wish, short film 10 Vanuatu: Tropical Cyclone Harold recovery works

Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

Following a request from the Vanuatu Government to provide support for waste clean-ups following Tropical cyclone Harold which made landfall in Vanuatu in April 2020, the European Union (EU) Waste Management (PacWastePlus) Programme, in consultation with the Department of Environmental Protection and Conservation (DEPC) and other donor funded waste projects, implemented support activities to nine communities on the islands of Santo, Pentecost, Aore and Malo. The project was deployed in September 2020 following extensive consultation to confirm the specific support requirements.

International Environmental Law

Environmental Monitoring and Governance, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Dupuy, Pierre-Marie

This book is an attempt to address two main difficulties we have encountered in our teaching and practice of international environmental law. One is of a substantive nature and stems from the daunting reach and diversity of the subject matter. No other area of international law gives the newcomer such an impression of dispersion, lack of articulation, even exoticism. The topics gathered under the label international environmental law range from the protection of wetlands or whales or genetic resources to nuclear energy, ozone depletion or hazardous waste control.

Canna seabird recovery project: 10 years on

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Rats were eradicated in 20052006 from the islands of Canna and Sanday, Scotland (total area 1,320 ha). Poison bait was laid from December 2005 onwards and the last rat was killed in February 2006. An intensive period of monitoring over the next two years con?rmed that no rats remained on the islands. Seabirds have been monitored on Canna for nearly 50 years and some species have shown good evidence of recovery since the eradication. Other species have not recovered and this may have been due to mortality caused by food shortages or storm events which have been impacting seabirds in the region. These regional changes in pressures affecting the seabird populations make the interpretation of the impacts of the rat eradication programme much more difficult. Atlantic puffins, formerly con?ned to off shore stacks, have recolonised sites on the mainland of Canna and a count of over 2,000 was recorded in 2016. Manx shearwaters, which had ceased nesting in the monitored colony have made a slow recovery to one or two pairs in 2016. Productivity has also increased from a low of 0.2 chicks per nest in the 1990s to 0.74 in 2017. European shags nesting in boulder colonies were most susceptible to rat predation. One such colony has recovered from 45 nests in 2005 to 75 in 2016 and productivity increased from less than 0.7 chicks per nest to an average of 1.6 following eradication. Populations of shags nesting in cliff locations have shown no recovery or have declined. Mew gulls, which nest along the shoreline, have increased from ?ve to over 30 pairs. Other seabirds, such as common guillemots and black-legged kittiwakes, have shown no clear trends and are probably affected by other factors. Rabbit populations have increased on both islands, reaching an estimated 15,500 animals in 2013 that were causing considerable damage through grazing, erosion, and disturbance of archaeological remains. It is unclear whether the increase in rabbit numbers can be attributed to rat eradication. An intensive control programme has brought the rabbit population under control. While some seabirds have responded positively to the rat eradication, the response of some has been slow and others have not responded, probably as a result of regional pressures on their survival. It is important that monitoring of both seabirds and rabbits continues to track the success of this important seabird colony.

Costs and bene? ts for biodiversity following rat and cat eradication on Te Hauturu-o-Toi/Little Barrier Island

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Bell, E.

Campbell, J.

Cassey, P.

Ewen, J.G.

Green, C.

Gri?ths, R.

Joyce, L.

Rayner, M.

Towns, D.

Toy, R.

Veitch, C.R.

Wade, L.

Walle, R.

Considerable bene?ts can be achieved for indigenous biodiversity when invasive vertebrates are removed from islands. In New Zealand, two logistically challenging eradications were undertaken, one to remove cats (Felis catus) and the other Paci?c rats (Rattus exulans) from Te Hauturu-o-Toi/Little Barrier Island (Hauturu). Here we document the short- and long-term impacts of these interventions on the biodiversity of Hauturu. We also assess the extent to which predicted outcomes were re?ected in the measured responses for a wide range of species. Short-term impacts of the eradication program encompassed individual mortality for some native species but no measurable impact to populations. In contrast, at least 11 native vertebrates and one native invertebrate species increased in abundance after rat and cat removal. Fifteen of 34 plant species monitored had signi?cantly more seedlings on Hauturu after rat eradication compared with control islands, indicating future changes in forest composition. Several native species previously not recorded on the island were discovered, including the New Zealand storm petrel (Fregetta maoriana) (formerly considered extinct), the forest ringlet butter?y (Dodonidia helmsi) and eight species of aquatic invertebrate. The chevron skink (Oligosoma homalonotum) has been found in increasing numbers and tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), raised in captivity on the island, are now re-established and breeding in the wild. These results illustrate an island gradually recovering after a long period of modi?cation. We conclude that more success stories such as Hauturu must be told if we are to allay the publics concerns about such eradication campaigns. And more public support is required if the conservation community is to tackle invasive species at a scale commensurate with the threats they pose.

Community-based conservation and recovery of native species on Monuriki Island, Fiji

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Brown, J.

Chand, R.

Cranwell, S.

Fisher, R.N.

Harlow, P.

Lovich, K.

Niukula, J.

Rasalato, S.

Seniloli, E.

Thaman, B.

Thomas-Moko, N.

Vadada, J.

The small uninhabited island of Monuriki (40.4 ha) in western Fiji is of national and international conservation concern for its several protected species. Exotic invasive species and a Category 5 cyclone have exacerbated conservation challenges. The cooperation of local, national, and international stakeholders continues to be crucial in restoration of the islands native ?ora and fauna. This summary presents a timeline of restoration efforts and current status of the recovery programme for Monuriki. The critically endangered dry forest habitat of Fiji is only found in a few isolated patches on disparate islands. The Fijian crested iguana (Brachylophus cf. vitiensis) is a critically endangered species restricted to a few small islands in this dry forest zone of western Fiji. The population of crested iguanas on Monuriki Island is the third largest remaining population. Even before iguanas were ?rst documented on the island in the early 1980s, individuals had been removed by local resorts for display purposes, a practice that was previously unregulated. In the late 1990s, the ?rst efforts to conserve and restore Monuriki Island were discussed, but conservation initiatives were not implemented until the development of the Crested Iguana Recovery Plan in 2008. In 2011, domestic goats (Capra hircus) and non-native rats (Rattus exulans) were removed from the island, and 10 pairs of iguanas were brought into captive breeding facilities within Fiji. In 2015, the ?rst 32 captive-bred crested iguanas were released back on Monuriki Island. More than half of these iguanas (N=26) were radio-tracked for 56 days post-release in order to assess survivorship and help provide insights into their short-term movement patterns. Of the 26 iguanas that were tracked, nearly 70% (N=18) were found after 56 days indicating excellent short-term survival. In February 2016, Tropical Cyclone Winston, a Category 5 storm passed through Fiji and devastated some of the tropical dry forest habitat on Monuriki. With sustained winds of up to 230 km/ hr nearly all of the canopy leaves from trees on Monuriki Island were removed and large amounts of debris covered the forest ?oor. Following the cyclone, a brief wildlife survey revealed Monurikis iguana and bird populations were still present. In 2017, the crested iguana captive breeding programme was brought to an end when 16 of the original 20 iguana founders, and an additional 32 captive bred o? spring, were reintroduced onto Monuriki. This was accomplished, in part, due to successful breeding and reestablishment of the remaining wild iguanas on the island. Despite a major storm event, reestablishment likely resulted from reduced egg and hatchling predation by the rats, and excellent habitat recovery after goat removal. Overall these invasive species eradications have proven highly successful for the recovery of the iguanas, wedge-tailed shearwaters (Puffinus paci?cus), and several other non-target species including the banded rail (Gallirallus philippensis) and endangered Fijian peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Furthermore, eradication of non-native species has also helped the recovery of the highly threatened tropical dry forest ecosystem in which these species exist.

Environmental legislation review - Western Samoa

SPREP Publications, Environmental Monitoring and Governance

Available Online

Peteru, Clark

Western Samoa's statute law on environment and development issues is scattered amongst numerous statutes. Of the approximately sixty or more statutes pertaining to environment and development issues, a handful comprise the core. Chief amongst these - although itself subject to internal inconsistencies - is the Lands, Survey and Environment Act 1989.

IUCN Environmental Law Programme : draft international covenant on environment and development

Environmental Monitoring and Governance

Available Online

Over the six years since the third edition was prepared, the Draft Covenant has continued to serve as an authoritative reference and checklist for legislators, civil servants and other stakeholders worldwide in their endeavours to ensure that principles and rules of international environmental law and development are thoroughly addressed when they are drafting new. or updating existing, policies and laws. The ever-greater consideration of the environment at the highest political levels is a welcome sign of the role that environmental law and policy has in maintaining international peace and security.

Environmental legislation review : Tuvalu

SPREP Publications, Environmental Monitoring and Governance

Available Online

Farrier, David

Pulea, Mere

This Environmental Legislation Review for Tuvalu has been produced as an important component of the National Environmental Management Strategies (NEMS) Project. The NEMS Project was developed to address sustainable environmental development and planning issues in a number of Pacific island countries. It was funded by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Australian International Development Assistance Bureau (AIDAB) and implemented through the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) as part of a broader UNDP assistance project called PMI: Planning and Implementation of Pacific Regional Environment Programme which concentrates oil regional and in-country institution strengthening and training of environmental managers.

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