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Seabird Diversity and Biomass Enhance Cross-Ecosystem Nutrient Subsidies
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Benkwitt, C.E

,

Carr, P

,

Graham, N.A.J

,

Wilson, S.K

2022
Seabird biomass was particularly important for terrestrial and near-shore subsidies and enhancing fish biomass, while seabird diversity was associated with nutrient subsidies further offshore. The positive effects of diversity were likely driven by high functional complementarity among seabird species in traits related to nutrient storage and provisioning. However, introduced rats and non-native vegetation reduced seabird biomass and diversity, with rats having a stronger effect on biomass and vegetation having a stronger effect on diversity.
InvaCost, a Public Database of the Economic Costs of Biological Invasions Worldwide
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Assailly, C.

,

Courchamp, F.

,

Diagne, C.

,

Gozlan, R. E.

,

Jarić, I.

,

Jourdain, F.

,

Leroy, B.

,

Nuninger, L.

,

Roiz, D.

,

Vaissière, A.-C.

2020
Biological invasions are responsible for tremendous impacts globally, including huge economic losses and management expenditures. Efficiently mitigating this major driver of global change requires the improvement of public awareness and policy regarding its substantial impacts on our socio-ecosystems. One option to contribute to this overall objective is to inform people on the economic costs linked to these impacts; however, until now, a reliable synthesis of invasion costs has never been produced at a global scale. Here, we introduce InvaCost as the most up-to-date, comprehensive, harmonised and robust compilation and description of economic cost estimates associated with biological invasions worldwide. We have developed a systematic, standardised methodology to collect information from peer-reviewed articles and grey literature, while ensuring data validity and method repeatability for further transparent inputs. Our manuscript presents the methodology and tools used to build and populate this living and publicly available database. InvaCost provides an essential basis (2419 cost estimates currently compiled) for worldwide research, management efforts and, ultimately, for datadriven and evidence-based policymaking.
Global Economic Costs of Aquatic Invasive Alien Species
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Ahmed, Danish A.

,

Angulo, Elena

,

Briski, Elizabeta

,

Capinha, César

,

Catford, Jane A.

,

Cuthbert, Ross N.

,

Dalu, Tatenda

,

Diagne, Christophe

,

Essl, Franz

,

Gozlan, Rodolphe E.

,

Leroy, Boris

,

Pattison, Zarah

,

Taylor, Nigel G.

,

Verbrugge, Laura

2021
Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns and trends in economic costs of aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution of these costs across taxa, geographic regions, and cost types; (ii) the temporal dynamics of global costs; and (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on the costs recorded from the existing literature, the global cost of aquatic IAS conservatively summed to US$345 billion, with the majority attributed to invertebrates (62%), followed by vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest costs were reported in North America (48%) and Asia (13%) and were principally a result of resource damages (74%); only 6% of recorded costs were from management. The magnitude and number of reported costs were highest in the United States of America and for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries and known aquatic alien species had no reported costs, especially in Africa and Asia. Accordingly, a network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate cost reporting. Aquatic IAS costs have increased in recent decades by several orders of magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion in 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented compared to terrestrial IAS; only 5% of reported costs were from aquatic species, despite 26% of known invaders being aquatic. Additionally, only 1% of aquatic invasion costs were from marine species. Costs of aquatic IAS are thus substantial, but likely underreported. Costs have increased over time and are expected to continue rising with future invasions. We urge increased and improved cost reporting by managers, practitioners and researchers to reduce knowledge gaps. Few costs are proactive investments; increased management spending is urgently needed to prevent and limit current and future aquatic IAS damages.
SPREP Webinar series | Rats, Reefs and Resilience (full session)
SPREP Publications, Climate Change Resilience, Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Pacific Regional Invasive Species Management Support Service (PRISMSS)

2021
The Battler Lounge webinar series talks about the link between rats, seabirds, ecosystems and reef resilience in the Pacific.
Biological Invasion Costs Reveal Insufficient Proactive Management Worldwide
Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB
Available Online

Andrew M. Kramer

,

Anna Turbelin

,

Christophe Diagne

,

Céline Albert

,

Danish A. Ahmed

,

Elizabeta Briski

,

Emma J. Hudgins

,

Franck Courchamp

,

Franz Essl

,

Melina Kourantidou

,

Natalia Kirichenko

,

Phillip J. Haubrock

,

Rodolphe E. Gozlan

,

Ross N. Cuthbert

,

Thomas W. Bodey

2022
The global increase in biological invasions is placing growing pressure on the management of ecological and economic systems. However, the effectiveness of current management expenditure is difficult to assess due to a lack of standardised measurement across spatial, taxonomic and temporal scales. Furthermore, there is no quantification of the spending difference between pre-invasion (e.g. prevention) and post-invasion (e.g. control) stages, although preventative measures are considered to be the most cost-effective. Here, we use a comprehensive database of invasive alien species economic costs (InvaCost) to synthesise and model the global management costs of biological invasions, in order to provide a better understanding of the stage at which these expenditures occur.
Biodiversity increases ecosystem functions despite multiple stressors on coral reefs.
BRB

Benkwitt, C E.

,

Graham, NAJ

,

Wilson, S K.

2020
Positive relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) highlight the importance of conserving biodiversity to maintain key ecosystem functions and associated services. Although natural systems are rapidly losing biodiversity due to numerous of human-caused stressors, our understanding of how multiple stressors influence the BEF relationships comes largely from small experimental studies.
Spearfishing in the Pacific islands: current status and management issues
Island and Ocean Ecosystems
Available Online

Gillett, Robert

,

Moy, Wayne

2006
Spearfishing is growing in importance in the Pacific Islands. While its management has featured as a topic in some regional-level meetings, detailed information on spearfishing is surprisingly scarce. In early 1994, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) proposed to consolidate information on spearfishing in the Pacific Islands. The original intent was to undertake a review of the available literature through a desk study. With the realization that many issues related to spearfishing are undocumented, the strategy was changed to include some field work. These activities were supported by the FAO FishCode Programme. This report reviews spearfishing in selected Pacific Island countries and identifies the important species caught by and the major problems associated with the method. It further considers possible interventions to mitigate these problems and the assistance that is likely to be required by Pacific Island countries in the management of their spearfisheries. Visits to five countries undertaken during the study show that there are very large differences between countries, and between locations within a single country, in the level and type of spearfishing activities. General conclusions on the management of spearfishing include: (a) for several reasons, a complete ban of scuba spearfishing coupled with effective enforcement is the single most important spearfishing management measure; (b) spearfishing effort must be managed along with other forms of inshore fishing, since attempts at restricting spearfishing alone are not likely to be successful as fishing effort may b easily transferred to other small-scale fishing methods; and (c) in the management of inshore fisheries, including that of spearfishing, interventions must be formulated, initiated and enforced at the local level, preferably with some assistance from the national level.

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