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The blue economy is an approach put forward by the international community to take into account the health of the oceans and seas as we strive to balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social and environmental. This concept promotes economic growth, social inclusion and improved livelihoods at the same time as ensuring the environmental sustainability of oceans and seas. It defines a new paradigm of ocean economy, one that is in balance with the long-term capacity of the assets, goods and services of marine ecosystems, and that considers social inclusiveness.

Humanity entered the new millennium with unprecedented challenges on a planetary scale.

Climate change and natural disasters can have lasting consequences on livelihood, economies and fiscal balances - spanning immediate reconstruction costs and fiscal shocks to long-term halts in tourism and agriculture economies. Although continues in the Pacific are the most exposed globally to these impacts, they have severely limited resources with which to prepare for and respond to them. This publication anazlyses the vulnerability of Pacific economies to climate change and disaster events, and identifies existing resources for responding to economic shocks. It also considers measures that public and private sector stakeholders can take develop new tools to increase economic and fiscal resilience across the Pacific region.

This paper focuses on aspects of governance and management of seabed minerals. Cook islands is presented as an example of a Pacific small island developing State (PSIDS) that has progressed a range of governance and protocols to a mature level particularly considering it's small population.

The 2018 SOE is a new baseline for future reports and can help the Cook Islands with national regional and international reporting obligations including multi-lateral environmental agreements.

The different types of corals and their scientific names.

This edition of The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets focuses on the complex and underexplored intersection between agricultural trade, climate change and food security. It is clear that we cannot tackle hunger without finding adaptation and mitigation solutions to climate change in agriculture and food systems. It is also clear that the uneven impact of climate change across regions and countries, and the corresponding changes in food availability and access will affect international trade patterns and trade routes. This report supports these discussions by providing an in-depth analysis of the Paris Agreement and the WTO agreements to enhance clarity and provide guidance on policy options that could strengthen the mutually supportive role of these accords in tackling climate change and hunger. Wide-ranging policy actions are necessary to ensure that trade will contribute to the efforts aimed at ensuring food security and promoting adaptation and mitigation to climate change. The uneven impact of climate change across the world and its implications for agricultural trade, especially for developing countries, underlines the need for a balanced approach to policies, which should enhance the adaptive role of trade, while supporting the most vulnerable.

Community integrated management plans. Vaimauga East District - Upolu. Implementations guidelines 2018.

Community integrated management plans. Sagaga le Usoga. Implementation guidelines 2018

Our SoE Report spans seven themes and 18 sub-topics. For example, the “Atmosphere and Climate” theme has the sub-topics of “Climate Adaptation,” “Ozone Depleting Substances and Greenhouse Gases” and “Physical Climate.”