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Community-based conservation can support livelihoods and biodiversity while reinforcing local and indigenous values, cultures and institutions.

Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) represent unique opportunities to help achieve the 2030 biodiversity conservation agenda. However, potential misuse by governments and economic sectors could compromise the outcome of theses conservation efforts.

The climate, land, energy and water systems (CLEWs) approach guides the development of integrated assessments. The approach includes an analytical component that can be performed using a simple accounting methods, soft-linking tools, incorporating cross-systems considerations in sectoral models, or using one modelling tool to represent CLEW systems.

A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining's likely to impacts is unnecessary to assess whether and under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations com;y with the International Seabed Authority's obligations to prevent serious harm and ensure the effective protection of the marine environment form harmful effects in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

Comprehensive, spatially explicit data that include regulatory information are essential for evaluating the level of protection that marine protected areas (MPAs) and other marine managed areas (MMAs) provide to marine life, and to inform progress towards ocean protection targets