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Your Rubbish is Everyone's Rubbish

SPREP Publications, Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

By 2050, scientists predict there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish. Plastic pollution is a global problem that everyone can help to solve. Heed the call from our children and be part of a collection to beat plastic pollution.

Protecting Seagrass through Payments for Ecosystem Services: A Community Guide

Environmental Monitoring and Governance, Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Seagrasses are an important of many coastal ecosystems worldwide. They are flowering plants, or angiosperms and grow as meadows in subtidal and intertidal zone in tropical, subtropical and temperate seas.

PLP-ESS Module 8: Community and Occupational Health and Safety

Environmental Monitoring and Governance

Available Online

Davey, Rosie

Staelens, Nathalie

Safety saves sickness, suffering and sadness. Promote safety and health at work. Promote fair treatment, non-discrimination and equal opportunity of project workers.

Participation, not enalties: Community Involvement and Equitable Governance Contribute to more Effective Multiuse Protected areas

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Ahamdia,Gabby N

Cox, Courtney

Fidler, Robert Y.

et al

Accelerating ecosystem degradation has spurred proposals ti vastly expand the extent of protected areas (PCs), potentially affecting the livelihoods and well-being of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) worldwide.

Contemporary Rāhui: Placing Indigenous, Conservation, and Sustainability Sciences in Community-led Conservation

Island and Ocean Ecosystems

Available Online

Bambridge, Tamatoa

Claudet, Joachim

Fabre, Pauline

Mawyer, Alexander

Sterling, Eleanor

Resource sustainability requires and recognising and developing pathways to integrate local and indigenous knowledge alongside conservation and sustainability sciences within management practices and governance. However, knowledge never occurs in a vacuum, and is always mediated by the beliefs, values or stances towards its possession or use within particular contexts.

Climate change and community resilience in Samoa

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Binns, Tony

Latai‐Niusulu, Anita

Nel, Etienne

Being resilent in the face of climate change seems especially important for island societies, which face the effects of rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, changing wind patterns and sea level rise. To date, most studies of adaptation and resilience among Pacific island communities have used indicators and methods rooted in Western science and neo-classical economics. These have been criticized as being locally irrelevant and inadequate to appreciate the dynamic nature and social structures of island communities and their capacity to adapt. This paper challenges the paradigm that defines resilience as a return to equilibrium, by using a non-equilibrium, cultural ecological lens. The non-equilibrium view of resilience sees the social systems of island nations as highly dynamic and undergoing persistent adaptation in the face of changing environmental factors. Field-based research undertaken in eight villages in Samoa found that , through constant exposure to environmental change over extended periods of time, communities have become resilient and are in a position to adapt to future changes. In developing future policy in relation to climate change, Pacific island government need to develop a more nuanced understanding of islanders' perceptions and historical actions in the context of both their physical locations and their dynamic socio-cultural systems

Observations of a rapid decline in invasive macroalgal cover linked to green turtle grazing in Hawaiian marine reserve

Available Online

Bahr, Keisha D.

Balazs, George H.

Coffey, Daniel M.

Rodgers, Ku'ulei

Since the 1950's, 19 algal species were intentionally (e.g., aquaculture food) and/or accidentally (e.g., ballast water) introduced into Hawaii (Glenn and Doty 1990).

Small- and large-scale eradication of invasive ?sh and ?sh parasites in freshwater systems in Norway

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Bardal, H.

In July 2016, the European Union adopted a list of invasive alien species of concern, and at present there are two freshwater ?sh species on the list. Member states are obliged to prevent further spread and to perform rapid eradication when problem species are discovered at new sites, but continental EU member states have limited experience with eradication of ?sh. Eradications are more likely to succeed if the invasive species is con?ned to insular habitats. Freshwater invasives can be regarded as island invasives, since their habitats have boundaries against shorelines, saline waters, waterfalls and dams, and these boundaries make eradications possible. CFT Legumine® containing rotenone is the only legal piscicide in the EU, and Norway has used CFT Legumine® in eradication e?orts for many years. Species that have been introduced outside their native range and have been successfully eradicated include minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), roach (Rutilus rutilus), pike (Esox lucius), common white?sh (Coregonus lavaretus), and the salmon parasite Gyrodactylus salaris. This manuscript summarises the eradication e?orts of invasive ?sh species and ?sh parasite species during the last two decades in Norway, covering eradications from such diverse habitats as small ponds, lakes, marshlands, small streams and large rivers. An estimated £100 million has been spent in the Gyrodactylus salaris eradication programme. Costs of invasive ?sh eradications are given, ranging from less than £10,000 to more than £200,000. There are no known invasive ?sh eradication failures in Norway in the last 20 years. A summary of the e?orts in Norway can be an aid for planning control and eradication measures of invasive ?sh species in other countries.

First report of marine alien species in mainland Ecuador: threats of invasion in rocky shores

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Bigatti, G.

Cornejo, M.

Coronel, J.

Cárdenas, A.

Cárdenas-Calle, M.

Keith, I.

Martinez, P.

Mora, E.

Pérez-Correa, J.

Rivera, F.

Torres, G.

Triviño, M.

Troccoli, L.

Villamar, F.

Zambrano, R.

Invasive species are of signi?cant concern, especially in mega-diverse countries, because they cause negative e?ects such as loss of native biodiversity, ecological alterations, disease spread, and impacts on economic development and human health. In mainland Ecuador, information on invasive invertebrates in marine ecosystems is scarce. The objective of this study was to describe and locate the invasive species present in the rocky shores of the intertidal and subtidal zones along 10 areas (83 sites) covering most of the Ecuadorian coast during 20152016. Benthic macroinvertebrates communities were measured over quadrats located randomly on a 50 m transect positioned parallel to the coast in the intertidal and subtidal zone, covering an area of 1,860 km2. Six invasive species were recorded: Arthropoda (Amphibalanus amphitrite), Cnidaria (Pennaria disticha, Carijoa riisei), Bryozoa (Bugula neritina), Rhodophyta (Asparagopsis taxiformis) and Chlorophyta (Caulerpa racemosa). The areas with highest abundance of invasive species were in Jama (not a protected area), Marine and Costal Wildlife Reserve Puntilla of Santa Elena and Santa Clara Island Wildlife Refuge (protected areas). The most abundant species was Carijoa riisei with a relative abundance of up to 80%. It was the most aggressive of the invasive species registered in the subtidal zone, mainly in northern centre of the Ecuadorian coast. C. riisei is growing on native coral (Pocillopora spp.) and on sessile macroinvertebrate communities (Pinctada mazatlanica, Muricea appresa and Aplysina sp.) that are being a?ected by its invasion. This study must be taken into account by local and regional government authorities to create public policy programmes of monitoring for surveillance and control of invasive species. These programmes should focus on integration of socio-economic and ecological e?ects. They should be complemented by experimental design and analysis of environmental variables to provide technical information for a baseline of bio-invasion analysis along the Ecuadorian coast and Galápagos, to avoid the expansion of invasive species negatively a?ecting the marine biodiversity of mega-diverse countries such as Ecuador and other countries of South America.

Successful eradication of signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) using a non-specific biocide in a small isolated water body in Scotland

Island and Ocean Ecosystems, BRB

Available Online

Ballantyne, L.

Baum, D.

Bean, C.W.

Long, J.

Whitaker, S.

The North American signal cray?sh (Pacifastacus leniusculus) has been present in Scotland since at least 1995 and the species is now known to be present in a number of catchments. Once established, few opportunities for containment exist and eradication can often be impossible to achieve. However, in small, isolated water bodies, the application of a non-cray?sh-speci?c biocide has provided the opportunity to remove this species permanently. In July 2011, signal cray?sh were discovered in a ?ooded quarry pond at Ballachulish in the Scottish Highlands. This is an isolated site located ~100 km from the nearest known population and it is likely that the population was established as the result of a deliberate release of these animals 10 years previously. Experience gained from using the eradication technique at other sites in the UK led to the site being treated with a natural pyrethrum biocide (Pyblast®) in June 2012. Post treatment monitoring from 20122017 indicates that eradication has been successful. Monitoring of native species a?ected by the biocide suggests that both invertebrates and amphibians quickly recolonised the quarry pond. Eradication of cray?sh using biocide is only feasible in water bodies where the entire population of cray?sh can be exposed to a lethal dose and the impact on non-target species can be accepted. The technique is not appropriate for large, connected water bodies, although it may be possible to treat short stretches of canals where biocide exposure can be controlled and isolated populations of cray?sh can be e?ectively treated.

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