The economic impact of a proposed Mariana trench marine national monument: an exploratory study

Abstract

Most of the 96 national monuments designated under U.S. law are on land. The majority are managed by the National Park Service, though some are administered by the Bureau of Land Management and other agencies. At this point neither the name of the proposed Mariana Trench Marine National Monu- ment (MTMNM) nor the management structure has been de- termined. For guidance one could review the process of the recently designated Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument (PMNM), which is placed within the purview of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for budgetary purposes.